从STW到STC:美国职业教育变革的逻辑理路及其实践——兼议企业在职业教育变革中的重要主体作用

From STW to STC: The Logic and Practice of American Vocational Education Reform——Concurrently Discussing the Main Role of Enterprises in the Reform of Vocational Education

20世纪90年代,在政治、经济环境急剧变革的大背景下,美国"学校到工作"改革运动的弊端逐渐显现,以加州为首的几个州转向更关注学生个性和生涯发展的"学校到职业生涯"改革运动。在"学校到职业生涯"改革运动中,企业发挥着重要主体作用。"学校到职业生涯"改革运动在就业和升学方面都取得了良好效果,不仅培养了能够满足企业高质量发展所需的复合型技术技能人才,而且较好地关注了学习者个性化发展和终身教育的诉求。美国职业教育改革的逻辑理路和实践对我国职业生涯教育、企业参与职业教育以及健全校企合作的支持机制等方面具有一定启发意义。

In 1990s,under the background of rapid changes in political and economic environment,the drawbacks of"school-towork"reform in the United States gradually appeared,and several States,led by California,turned to the"school-to-career"reform movement which paid more attention to students’personality and career education.enterprises have played an important role in the reform movement from school to career.The reform of"school-to-career"has achieved good results in employment and further education,which not only cultivates technical and technical talents that can meet the needs of high-quality development of enterprises,but also pays close attention to the demands of individualized development and lifelong education of learners.The logic and practice of vocational education reform in the United States are of great enlightenments to China’s vocational education,enterprises’participation in vocational education and the improvement of supporting mechanism of school-enterprise cooperation.