泉州市0~3岁流动人口家庭育儿压力与社会支持研究

Study on parenting pressure and social support among migrant families with children aged 0-3 years old in Quanzhou City

目的研究泉州市0~3岁流动人口家庭育儿压力与社会支持情况,分析育儿压力与社会支持的影响因素,探讨育儿对策与建议。方法2019年1—5月,采用便利抽样法,选取泉州市234户0~3岁流动人口家庭为研究对象,使用一般情况调查表、简式育儿压力问卷、社会支持评定量表分别调查流动人口家庭一般情况、育儿压力及社会支持情况。结果流动人口家庭育儿压力总分为90.14±5.93,社会支持总分为35.94±5.89。多元线性回归结果显示,相较于孩子母亲文化程度为初中及以下者,孩子母亲文化程度为大专及以上者育儿压力较大;相比于养育1个孩子的家庭,养育2个及3个孩子的家庭的育儿压力增大(均P<0.05)。相比于孩子父亲为农、林、牧、渔、水利业生产人员,孩子父亲为失业人员者社会支持得分更高;主干家庭社会支持总分高于核心家庭社会支持总分(均P<0.05)。结论流动人口家庭育儿压力较大,获得的社会支持有限。建议完善育儿政策,建立帮扶基金、放宽请假要求,鼓励孩子父亲及祖辈参与育儿。

Objective To investigate the status of parenting stress and social support among migrant families with children aged 0-3 years old in Quanzhou City,analyze the influencing factors of parenting stress and social support,and explore parenting strategies and suggestions.Methods Totally 234 migrant families with children aged 0-3 years old in Quanzhou City were selected by convenient sampling method from January to May,2019.The general information,parenting stress and social support of migrant families were investigated using the general information questionnaire,Parenting Stress Index-Short Form and Social Support Rating Scale,respectively.Results The total score of parenting stress and social support in migrant families was 90.14±5.93 and35.94±5.89,respectively.Multiple linear regression showed that mother with college or above education reported significantly more parenting stress than mother with secondary school or below education,and those families with two or three children reported significantly greater parenting stress in comparison with those one-child families(all P<0.05).Compared with children’s father whose work involved in agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,fishing and water conservancy,children’s father who was unemployed reported a higher total score of social support,and stem families reported a higher total score of social support than nuclear families(all P<0.05).Conclusion Migrant families report great parenting stress,however limited social support.It is important to improve the parenting policy,set up a support fund,reduce leave requirements,and encourage fathers and grandparents to participate in parenting.