石家庄地区甲型H3N2流感感染因素的病例对照研究

A case-control study on factors of H3N2 influenza infection in Shijiazhuang area

目的探讨河北省石家庄地区甲型H3N2流感感染的危险因素。方法分别收集2018年1月—2019年1月河北省石家庄地区105例甲型H3N2流感感染患者和同期性别年龄相匹配的105例未感染甲型H3N2流感病毒人群进行病例对照研究。采用问卷调查形式收集个人卫生习惯、疫苗接种、居住环境和公共场所停留时间等。用logistic回归分析河北省石家庄地区甲型H3N2流感感染的危险因素。结果本次调查共发放问卷210份,收回200份,回收率为95.24%,其中病例组100份,对照组100份。单因素分析显示,个人卫生习惯、学校学生密度、教室通风情况、课间活动、每日测量体温、洗手习惯、共用餐具、校外用餐、上下学使用交通工具、是否接种流感疫苗、公共场所停留时间、睡眠时间与中小学生H3N2流感病毒感染有关(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,学校学生密度、个人卫生习惯、教室通风情况、洗手习惯、共用餐具、是否接种流感疫苗、公共场所停留时间、睡眠时间是影响中小学生感染H3N2流感病毒的主要危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论学校应做好H3N2健康宣教工作,指导学生养成良好的卫生和生活习惯,避免使用公用餐具,避免在公共场所逗留,提倡接种流感疫苗,最大程度降低H3N2流感病毒感染。

Objective To explore the risk factors of influenza A H3N2 infection in Shijiazhuang area of Hebei Province.Methods A case-control study was conducted on 105 cases of patients with influenza A H3N2 in Shijiazhuang area of Hebei Province and 105 cases of uninfected people of influenza A H3N2 that matched sex and age during the period of January 2018-January 2019.Questionnaires were used to collect personal hygiene habits,vaccination,living environment,and length of stay in public places.Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of influenza A H3N2 in Shijiazhuang area of Hebei Province.Results A total of 210 questionnaires were distributed in this survey,and 200 were recovered,with a recovery rate of 95.24%,including 100 in the case group and 100 in the control group.Single factor analysis showed that personal hygiene habits,student density in school,classroom ventilation,recess activities,daily temperature measurement,hand washing habits,shared tableware,off-school meals,transportation to and from school,influenza vaccination,length of stay in public places,and seep time were related to H3N2 influenza virus infection in primary and middle school students(all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis results showed that student density in school,personal hygiene habits,classroom ventilation,hand washing habits,shared tableware,influenza vaccination,length of stay in public places,and sleep time were the main risk factors affecting primary and secondary school students’infection with the H3N2 influenza virus(all P<0.05).Conclusion Schools should improve health education about H3N2 influenza,guide students to develop good health and living habits,avoid using public tableware,avoid staying in public places,and advocate influenza vaccination to minimize H3N2 influenza virus infection.