15岁以下狂犬病暴露儿童家长心理健康状况及影响因素

Mental health status and influencing factors of parents of children under 15 years old exposed to rabies

目的了解15岁以下狂犬病暴露儿童家长心理健康状况,分析其影响因素。方法于2018—2019年采用方便抽样法,使用一般情况调查表、狂犬病疫苗相关知识问卷、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对张家口市3家三级甲等医院急诊科收治的15岁以下狂犬病暴露儿童家长进行调查分析。结果共调查182名15岁以下狂犬病暴露儿童家长,其焦虑平均得分为55.85±8.52,发生率为63.74%;抑郁平均得分为57.13±10.26,发生率为18.68%。学历、家庭人均月收入、子女数、家庭成员狂犬疫苗接种史、狂犬病防治知识知晓情况和暴露方式、暴露程度是15岁以下狂犬病暴露儿童家长焦虑得分的影响因素(均P<0.05);学历、家庭成员狂犬疫苗接种史、狂犬病防治知识知晓情况、暴露方式和暴露程度是15岁以下狂犬病暴露儿童家长抑郁得分的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论应提高对15岁以下狂犬病暴露儿童家长心理健康状况的关注,加强健康宣教和社会支持,提高其心理健康水平,以便为15岁以下狂犬病暴露儿童提供更好的照护。

Objective To understand the mental health status of parents of children under 15 years old exposed to rabies,and analyze its influencing factors.Methods The convenient sampling method was adopted from June 2018 to June 2019.Parents of children under 15 years old exposed to rabies treated in the emergency department of three level A hospitals in Zhangjiakou City were investigated and analyzed by the general situation questionnaire,rabies vaccine related knowledge questionnaire,anxiety self-assessment scale(SAS)and depression self-assessment scale(S DS).Results A total of 182 parents of children under 15 years old exposed to rabies were investigated.The average anxiety score was 55.85±8.52,and the incidence rate was 63.74%.The average score of depression was 57.13±10.26 and the incidence rate was 18.68%.Education,per capita monthly income of the family,number of children,family members’history of rabies vaccination,knowledge of rabies prevention and control,exposure patterns and exposure levels were the factors that affect the anxiety score of parents of children under 15 years old exposed to rabies(all P<0.05).Educat ion,family members’history of rabies vaccination,knowledge o f rabies prevention and control,exposure patterns and exposure levels were the factors that affect the depression score of parents of children under15 years old exposed to rabies(all P<0.05).Conclusion We should pay more attention to the menta l health status of parents of children under 15 years old exposed to rabies,strengthen health education and social support,and improve their mental health level in order to provide better care for children under 15 years old exposed to rabies.