噪声与其他职业病危害因素联合作用对金属制品行业工人心电图及血压的影响

Combined effect of noise and other occupational hazards on electrocardiograph and blood pressure of workers in metal manufacturing industries

目的了解职业病危害因素联合作用对金属制品行业工人心电图和血压的影响,为制定金属制品行业职业病防护措施提供参考依据。方法采用判断抽样方法,选取2017年进行健康检查的1961名金属制品行业工人和399名行政人员为调查对象,收集其健康检查资料,分析工人心电图和血压异常情况。结果金属制品行业工人心电图和血压异常率分别为13.77%和17.85%;行政人员分别为7.02%和10.78%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,金属制品行业工人的心电图异常受性别、年龄、工龄、吸烟和接触职业危害类型影响(均P<0.05);血压异常受性别、年龄、工龄、吸烟、饮酒和接触危害因素类型影响(均P<0.01)。多因素logistics回归分析结果显示,单纯噪声组、噪声+粉尘组和噪声+粉尘+毒物组的心电图异常风险均高于对照组(均P<0.05),OR值(95%CI)分别为1.680(1.099~2.570)、2.655(1.684~4.217)和2.964(1.857~4.732);单纯噪声组、噪声+粉尘组和噪声+粉尘+毒物组的血压异常风险均高于对照组(均P<0.01),OR值(95%CI)分别为1.455(1.020~2.075)、2.276(1.540~3.361)和2.433(1.630~3.633)。结论噪声与其他职业病危害因素联合作用可增加金属制品行业工人的心电图异常和血压异常风险。

Objective To explore the combined effect of occupational hazards on electrocardiograph and blood pressure of workers in metal manufacturing industries,provide reference for the establishment of occupational disease prevention measures in metal products industry.Methods A judgment sampling method was adopted to select 1961 workers of metal manufacturing industries and 399 administrative staff as the study subjects of 2017,the data of workers’health examination was collected,and the workers’electrocardiograph and blood pressure were analyzed.Results The abnormal rate of electrocardiograph and blood pressure of workers in metal manufacturing industries was 13.77%and 17.85%respectively,while those in administrative staff was 7.02%and 10.78%,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01).Single factor analysis results revealed that abnormal electrocardiograms of workers in the metal manufacturing industries were affected by gender,age,working length,smoking,and types of exposure to occupational hazards(all P<0.05),while the abnormal blood pressure was affected by gender,age,working length,smoking,alcohol intake,and types of exposure to occupational hazards(all P<0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of abnormal electrocardiogram in noise group,noise+dust group,noise+dust+poison group was higher than that in control group(all P<0.05),and OR value(95%CI)was 1.680(1.099-2.570),2.655(1.684-4.217)and 2.964(1.857-4.732),respectively.The risk of abnormal blood pressure in noise group,noise+dust group,noise+dust+poison group was higher than that in control group(all P<0.05),and OR value(95%CI)was 1.455(1.020-2.075),2.276(1.540-3.361)and2.433(1.630-3.633),respectively.Conclusion The combined effect of noise and other occupational hazards can increase the risk of abnormal electrocardiograph and abnormal blood pressure of workers in the metal manufacturing industries.