2012—2016年北京市房山区流感样病例监测及流行特征分析

Influenza-like illness monitoring and epidemiological characteristics analysis in Fangshan District of Beijing from 2012-2016

目的分析北京市房山区2012—2016年流感样病例流行特征,为防控流感提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对房山区流感样病例及病原学监测资料进行分析。结果2012—2016年,北京市房山区流感样病例(ILI)百分比平均为0.45%,5年ILI百分比波动在0.25%~0.61%之间,各年期间差异具有统计学意义(χ2=32772.570;P<0.05)。流行高峰为冬季,病例以25~59岁青中年和0~4岁婴幼儿为主。共累计采集并检测咽拭子标本2051件,检出阳性标本347件,平均阳性率16.92%。每年流行株不同,以甲型H3N2亚型所占比例最高(43.23%),各年均有发生。不同年龄组阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=87.249;P<0.05),25~59岁组标本检测阳性数(124例)和阳性率(25.46%)最高。ILI核酸检测阳性率与ILI%呈高度相关关系(r=0.721,P<0.01)。结论北京市房山区流感流行高峰在冬季,2012—2016年各年流行情况均有不同,流行株不同,但以A型(H3N2)为主,流感样病例监测病例主要是25~59岁青中年和0~4岁婴幼儿为主,应采取积极措施预防流感。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness(ILI)in Fangshan district of Beijing from 2012-2016,and provide scientific evidence for influenza control and prevention.[Methods]The ILI and monitoring data of etiology in Fangshan district were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method.[Results]The average percentage of ILI in Fangshan district of Beijing from 2012-2016 was 0.45%.The ILI%was 0.25%-0.61%during the 5 years,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=32772.570,P<0.05).The winter was the peak season of influenza,and majority of cases were young and middleage adults aged 25-59 years old and infants and young children aged 0-4 years old.A total of 2051 samples of throat swab were collected and detected,from which 347 samples were positive with positive rate of 16.92%.The epidemic strains were different yearly,with the highest proportion of type A H3 N2 subtype(43.23%),which every year appeared.The differences of positive rates in different age groups were statistically significant(χ2=87.249,P<0.05),and the positive samples(124 cases)and positive rate(25.46%)were the highest in 25-59 age group.And there was a positive correlation between ILI%and positive rate of ILI nucleic acid(r=0.721,P<0.01).[Conclusion]The influenza peak is in winter in Fangshan district of Beijing.The epidemic situation from 2012-2016 is different.The epidemic strains are different,but A(H3N2)is main.The majority of cases are young and middle-age adults aged 25-59 years old and infants and young children aged 0-4 years old.It is necessary to take active measures to prevent influenza.