唐山市高龄眼疾老年人跌倒风险现状及影响因素

Current situation and influencing factors of fall risk among elderly people with eye diseases in Tangshan

目的了解唐山市社区高龄眼疾老年人的跌倒风险,探讨跌倒风险的相关影响因素。方法2016年7月—2017年1月,对唐山市社区≥75岁存在眼部疾患的老年人进行一般资料问卷及修订版社区老年人跌倒危险评估工具测评。结果412例唐山市社区高龄眼疾老年人中存在跌倒风险者404人(98.1%),其中重度跌倒风险者140人(34.7%);近1年内跌倒者133人,跌倒发生率为32.3%,次数为1、2和≥3次者分别占22.6%、5.3%和4.4%;跌倒造成轻度损伤需医疗处置和严重损伤者分别占27.1%、9.8%。Logistic多元回归分析显示,日常生活活动能力、认知程度、视力、足部有无疾病、能否在家中安全行走、能否在社区内安全行走、居家环境危险因素是唐山市社区高龄眼疾老年人跌倒风险的影响因素,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论眼疾可增加高龄老年人的跌倒风险,应加强高龄眼疾老年人跌倒风险管理,必要时行手术治疗提高其视觉功能,降低跌倒事件的发生,提高高龄眼疾老年人的生活质量。

[Objective]To understand the fall risk of elderly people with eye diseases in community in Tangshan,and explore the related influencing factors of fall risk.[Methods]Residents aged≥75 years old with eye diseases in communities of Tangshan were selected and investigated by general information questionnaire and the modified evaluation tool for falls risk of the elderly in community.[Results]In 412 elderly with eye diseases,there were 404(98.1%)people who had fall risk,and 140(34.7%)patients had severe fall risk.A total of 133 people fell over the past year,and the incidence rate of fall was 32.3%.People who fell 1,2 and more than 3 times accounted for 22.6%,5.3%and 4.4%respectively.The patients with mild injuries caused by fall which required medical treatment and severe injuries account for 27.1%and 9.8%respectively.Logistic multiple regression analysis showed that activities of daily living,cognitive level,visual acuity,foot diseases,safe walking at home,safe walking in the community,risk factors of home environment were the influencing factors of fall risk in elderly patients with eye diseases,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).[Conclusion]Eye diseases can increase the fall risk of the elderly.Management of the fall risk in elderly with eye diseases should be strengthened and the necessary surgical treatment should be done to improve the visual function,reduce the incidence of fall and improve life quality of them.