中国河鲀养殖业的产业集聚研究

Research on agglomeration of China’s pufferfish aquaculture industry

随着国家有条件放开河鲀的养殖和销售,河鲀养殖产业面临着新的机遇与挑战。从产业集聚的角度研究河鲀养殖产业的内在发展规律,能为研究河鲀养殖产业的可持续发展提供新的思路。本文以河鲀养殖产业为研究对象,通过区位熵和空间基尼系数法,对2008-2017年中国不同地区河鲀养殖产业的集聚水平进行测算,结果表明:我国海水河鲀养殖区域存在北方如河北、天津和辽宁等地区集聚水平下降,而南方如广东、福建等地区集聚水平上升的趋势;淡水河鲀养殖主要分布在江苏、广东和福建地区,其中福建的集聚水平维持稳定,而江苏持续下降,广东则逐年上升。通过与已有养殖鱼类的集聚现象研究比较发现,河鲀养殖产业形成集聚的原因与其他鱼类基本一致,但政策在短期内对于不同品种的河鲀市场及集聚现象的形成有促进或抑制作用。建议基于养殖产业集聚背景,建立可追溯系统,保障河鲀产品质量,提升河鲀产业加工技术水平,促进河鲀市场流通;同时建议利用集聚效应,弘扬河鲀文化建设,促进河鲀养殖产业的可持续发展。

With the liberalization of China’s pufferfish market in 2016,the sustainable development of the pufferfish aquaculture industry has gradually become a major concern of the industry.From the perspective of economics,agglomeration can increase the productivity of producers or the entire industry,thus promoting the economic development of the entire industry.From the perspective of industrial agglomeration,the law of the internal development of the pufferfish aquaculture industry will be studied,and the sustainable development of China’s pufferfish aquaculture industry will be given new ideas according to local conditions.In this paper,the pufferfish aquaculture industry is taken as the research object.Through the an alysis of location entropy and Spatial Gini coefficient,the concentration of pufferfish aquaculture in different regions of China in 2008-2017 is measured.The results showed that the concentration of agglomeration in the north of China,such as Hebei,Tianjin and Liaoning,and the concentration of agglomeration in the south,such as Guangdong and Fujian,existed in China’s maricultu re on pufferfish areas;the freshwater aquaculture on pufferfish were mainly distributed in Jiangsu,Guangdong and Fujian.Among them,the level of agglomeration in Fujian remained stable,while the concentration of industrial farming in Jiangsu declined year by year,and the corresponding Guangdong increased year by year.To this end,it is recommended to establish a traceability system based on the agglomeration background of aquaculture industry,ensure the quality of pufferfish products,strengthen the processing technology level of pufferfish industry,and promote the circulation of pufferfish market.At the same time,it is recommended to use the agglomeration effect to promote the construction of pufferfish culture and then promote the sustainable development of the pufferfish aquaculture industry in China.