3种基原甘草主要化学成分的差异及应用探讨

Difference of Main Chemical Constituents from Three Origins of Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)and Discussion of Their Applications

甘草为最常用中药材之一,主要来源有乌拉尔甘草、光果甘草与胀果甘草。不同基原甘草中的化学成分存在一定区别,化学成分的差异必将导致不同的药理作用,种质是影响药材质量的最主要因素。以甘草的药理作用为参考,梳理分析3种基原甘草所含化学成分含量的差异,并从不同成分的构效关系等方面探讨不同基原甘草的质量差异。甘草黄酮类和三萜类成分的药理作用存在很大差异,黄酮类多具有抑菌、抗炎、抗氧化等作用,乌拉尔甘草中黄酮类成分的含量最高;三萜类多具有解毒、抗病毒等作用,光果甘草中三萜类成分的含量最高。不同基原甘草中的化学成分存在较大差异,区分使用可更好发挥疗效。

Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)is one of the most commonly-used herbs,mainly including Wulaer Gancao(G.uralensis),Guangguo Gancao(G.glabra)and Zhangguo Gancao(G.inflata).The chemical compositions of Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)from various origins have certain discrepancies,which will lead to different pharmacological actions.Germplasm is the most important factor affecting the quality of medicinal materials.Based on the pharmacological properties of Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)as a reference,this paper combed and analyzed the content diversities of the chemical constituents of Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)from the above three origins and discussed the quality divergences from the aspects of the structure-activity relationship of discrepant compositions.It is pointed out that the pharmacological effects of flavonoids and triterpenoids are quite unlike.Flavonoids mostly have anti-bacteria,anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects.Wulaer Gancao(G.uralensis)has the highest content of flavonoids.Triterpenoids mainly have the functions of detoxication and anti-virus.Guangguo Gancao(G.glabra)has the highest content of triterpenoids.The chemical constituents of Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)from the three origins are great disparities,and so they should be used separately to give the better efficacy.