农村学龄期留守儿童社会交往焦虑调查

The social anxiety of school-age children left behind in rural areas

目的了解农村学龄期留守儿童社会交往焦虑情况,并分析其影响因素,为提高留守儿童心理健康水平提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,抽取宁夏回族自治区南部农村地区5所小学三到六年级留守儿童为调查对象,通过问卷调查收集留守儿童基本信息;采用儿童社交交往焦虑测评量表(SASC)和儿童孤独量表(CLS)评价社会交往焦虑和孤独感;采用多重线性回归模型分析留守儿童社会交往焦虑的影响因素。结果共调查农村学龄期留守儿童455人,男生241人,占52.97%;有兄弟姐妹438人,占96.26%;父亲在外务工359人,占78.90%;由(外)祖父母照看175人,占38.46%。学龄期留守儿童的社会交往焦虑得分为(5.99±3.01)分,孤独感得分为(36.39±10.70)分;社会交往焦虑与孤独感呈正相关(r=0.301,P<0.001)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,孤独感得分高(β’=0.307)、父母均在外务工(β’=0.153)的农村学龄期留守儿童社会交往焦虑得分较高(P<0.05)。结论农村学龄期留守儿童社会交往焦虑程度高于普通儿童,其中孤独感程度高、父母均在外务工的留守儿童社会交往焦虑程度高。

Objective To understand the social anxiety of rural school-age left-behind children and its influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for improving the mental health of school-age left-behind children.Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to select left-behind students in Grade 3 to 6 in 5 primary schools in the southern rural area of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Their general information were collected,their social anxiety and loneliness were evaluated by the Child Social Anxiety Scale(SASC)and Children’s Loneliness Scale(CLS).The multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for the social anxiety of left-behind children.Results A total of 455 rural school-age left-behind children were surveyed.Among them,there were 241 boys,accounting for 52.97%;438 children having siblings,accounting for 96.26%;359 children’s fathers were migrant workers,accounting for 78.90%;175 children were looked after by their grandparents,accounting for 38.46%.The rural school-age left-behind children surveyed scored(5.99±3.01)points in SASC and(36.39±10.70)points in CLS.The results of correlation analysis showed that the social anxiety of rural school-age left-behind children was positively correlated with loneliness(r=0.301,P<0.001).The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the rural school-age left-behind children who scored higher in CLS(β’=0.307)and whose parents were both migrant workers(β’=0.153)scored higher in SASC(P<0.05).Conclusion The social anxiety level of rural school-age left-behind children is higher than ordinary children.The rural school-age left-behind children with high level of loneliness and whose parents both work outside have high level of social anxiety.