浙江省市售散装熟肉制品单核细胞增生李斯特菌污染的半定量风险评估

The semi-quantitative risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in cooked meat products in bulk in Zhejiang Province

目的调查浙江省市售散装熟肉制品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌(单增李斯特菌)污染状况,并评估食用健康风险,为加强食品安全监管提供依据。方法于2018—2020年采集浙江省11个市市售散装熟肉制品2320份,按照GB4789.30—2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌检验》检测单增李斯特菌;采用半定量风险评估软件Risk Ranger评估浙江省全人群和孕妇食用散装熟肉制品感染单增李斯特菌的健康风险。结果采集2320份散装熟肉制品,检出单增李斯特菌69份,检出率为2.97%。其中酱卤类、熏烤类、油炸类、干制类和其他类样品检出率分别为3.85%、1.81%、0.59%、0%和0.94%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2020年采集的1069份样品检出单增李斯特菌28份,检出浓度为5~590 CFU/g,平均6.8 CFU/g。Risk Ranger软件评估结果显示,浙江省全人群每年预计因食用散装熟肉制品引起李斯特菌病发病131例,风险系数为42,属于中等风险;孕妇每年预计因食用散装熟肉制品引起李斯特菌病发病1.44例次,风险系数为54,属于高风险。散装熟肉制品食用前经过充分加热,风险系数接近0。结论2018—2020年浙江省市售散装熟肉制品检出单增李斯特菌污染,存在一定的食用安全风险,孕妇应尽量避免食用。

Objective To investigate the contamination status and assess the potential consumption risk of Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)in cooked meat products in bulk in Zhejiang Province,so as to provide strategy for food safety supervision and management.Methods A total of 2320 cooked meat products were sampled from eleven cities in Zhejiang Province during 2018-2020.The detection of L.monocytogenes was carried out in accordance with the national standard GB/T 4789.30-2016.Risk Ranger software was used for the semi-quantitative risk assessment on the whole population and pregnant women.Results The total detection rate of L.monocytogenes in cooked meat products in bulk in Zhejiang Province was 2.97%(69/2320).The detection rates in stewed,smoked/roasted,fried,dried products and others were 3.85%,1.81%,0.59%,0%and 0.94%,which were significantly different(P<0.05).There were 28 positive samples in 1069 samples collected in 2020,with the concentration ranging from 5 to 590 CFU/g and averaging 6.8 CFU/g.The estimated number of listeriosis cases each year caused by consumption of cooked meat products in bulk was 131 in the whole population with a risk score of 42,and 1.44 in pregnant women with a risk score of 54.The risk coefficient could reduce to approximate zero after sufficient heating before intake.Conclusion The prevalence of L.monocytogenes in cooked meat products in bulk in Zhejiang Province during 2018-2020 poses a potential risk in food safety.Pregnant women should avoid eating.