不同基质配比对维西糯山药零余子繁殖种栽生长和品质的影响

Effects of Different Substrate Ratios on the Growth and Quality of Reproductive Seed of Weixi Glutinous Dioscorea opposita Axillary Bud

目的:筛选适宜于维西糯山药零余子繁殖种栽的最佳基质配比。方法:以维西糯山药零余子为繁育材料,以草炭、椰糠、松针腐殖质、沙壤土等为配制育苗基质原料,通过大棚育苗试验,研究不同基质配比对维西糯山药零余子繁殖山药种栽生长发育及品质的影响。结果:不同基质配比用于糯山药零余子育苗促进了糯山药种栽的生长,明显提高了零余子出苗率,增加了山药块茎长、块茎上、中、下部直径及鲜、干质量,其中,T4[V(草炭)∶V(椰糠)∶V(松针腐殖质)∶V(沙壤土)=0∶3∶3∶3]处理的山药块茎长、块茎上、中、下部直径及鲜、干质量增加最为显著,分别较CK显著提高了95.78%、34.07%、59.15%、27.87%、41.51%和39.47%(P<0.05);不同基质配比提升了糯山药种栽的品质,T4处理的提升效果最明显,糯山药种栽皂苷、淀粉、灰分较CK分别显著提高16.98%、12.22%、13.52%(P<0.05),粘液蛋白较CK提高3.33%,各处理的含水量差异不显著。结论:综合考虑各基质配比对糯山药零余子繁殖种栽形态特征、产量和相关品质的提升效果,本试验条件下,以T4处理用于糯山药零余子繁殖种栽为最佳。该研究结果可为维西糯山药规模化、标准化生产提供理论支持。

Objective:To screen the best substrate ratio suitable for the reproductive seed of Weixi glutinous Dioscorea opposita axillary bud.Methods:Using axillary bud of Weixi glutinous Dioscorea opposita as breeding material and grass carbon,coco coir,pine needle humus and sandy soil as raw materials,seedling substrate was prepared,the effects of different substrate ratio on the growth,development and quality of axillary bud propagation of Weixi glutinous Dioscorea opposita were studied in a greenhouse experiment.Results:The application of different matrix ratio to the seedling cultivation of Weixi glutinous Dioscorea opposita axillary bud promoted the seed growth of Dioscorea opposita,significantly increased the emergence rate of axillary bud,and increased the tuber length,diameter of upper,middle and lower tubers and fresh and dry weight of Dioscorea opposita.T4[V(grass carbon)∶V(coco coir)∶V(pine needle humus)∶V(sandy soil)=0∶3∶3∶3]treatment of tuber length,diameter of upper,middle and lower tuber and fresh and dry weight of Dioscorea opposita increased most significantly.Compared with CK,they were significantly increased by 95.78%,34.07%,59.15%,27.87%,41.51%and 39.47%(P<0.05).Different substrate ratio improved the quality of Dioscorea opposita,and T4 treatment had the most obvious improvement effect,compared with CK,the saponins,starch and ash contents of Dioscorea opposita were significantly increased by 16.98%,12.22%and 13.52%(P<0.05),respectively.The mucous protein was increased by 3.33%than CK and there was no significant difference in water content among each treatment group.Conclusion:Considering the effect of substrate ratio on the morphological characteristics,yield and quality of Dioscorea opposita comprehensively,the substrate ratio of T4 treatment is the best.The results can provide theoretical support for the large-scale and standardized production of Weixi glutinous Dioscorea opposita.