不同地块人参根区土壤微生物群落组成及其多样性分析

Composition and Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Panax ginseng Root Zone of Different Plots

目的:分析土壤微生物群落组成及其多样性与土壤理化性质的相关性,揭示不同地块人参锈腐病发病率与土壤微生态差异的关系。方法:以人参根区土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,对农田健康、农田病重、林地健康、林地病重等4组人参根区土壤细菌的16S rRNA基因序列和真菌ITS序列进行测序。结果:人参根区土壤微生物细菌OTU数量大于真菌,说明细菌群落占主导地位;影响土壤微生物群落组成的重要因素是土壤pH和交换性铝;细菌中黄单胞菌属Xanthomonadaceae可能是导致本研究中病重组发病较重的原因之一;无论农田还是林地,真菌中的土赤壳属Ilyonectria的病原菌在病害组的相对丰度均显著高于健康组,其可能是导致土壤微生态失衡、土壤质量下降,进而引起人参锈腐病发生的主要原因。结论:揭示了健康和病害人参根区土壤微生物群落组成多样性的差异,阐明了土壤质量与土壤微生物差异之间的关系,为人参种植中科学合理选地奠定理论基础。

Objective:To analyze the correlation between the composition,diversity of soil microbial community and the soil physical and chemical properties,to reveal the relationship between the incidence rate of Panax ginseng rust rot and the differences of soil microecology in different plots.Methods:Taking Panax ginseng root zone soil as the research object,high throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the 16S rRNA gene sequences of four groups of Panax ginseng root zone soil bacteria and ITS sequences of fungi,including healthy Panax ginseng cultivated in farmland,seriously ill Panax ginseng cultivated in farmland,healthy Panax ginseng cultivated in woodland and seriously ill Panax ginseng cultivated in woodland.Results:The number of OTU of microorganisms in the root zone of Panax ginseng was greater than that of fungi,indicating that the bacterial community was dominant;The important factors affecting soil microbial community composition were soil pH and exchangeable aluminum;Xanthomonadaceae might be one of the reasons for the severe recombination in this study.In both farmland and woodland,the relative abundance of Ilyonectria fungi in the disease group was significantly higher than that in healthy group,which might be the main reason for the imbalance of soil microecology and the decline of soil quality,thus causing Panax ginseng rust rot.Conclusion:The study reveals the differences of soil microbial community composition in the root zone of healthy and diseased Panax ginseng,and clarifies the relationship between soil quality and soil microbial differences,which lays a theoretical foundation for the scientific and rational selection of Panax ginseng planting.