云南省昌宁县野生药用植物资源的多样性研究

Diversity of Wild Medicinal Plant Resources in Changning County,Yunnan Province

目的:全面了解昌宁县野生药用植物资源信息,为药用植物资源合理开发和保护提供决策依据。方法:根据第四次全国中药资源普查技术方案要求,采用样地法与样线法相结合的调查方法,对县域内野生药用植物资源进行实地调查和编目,并对资源的组成类型、生活型结构、药用功效、药材蕴藏量等内容进行分析。结果:昌宁县共有野生药用植物671种,隶属130科,448属。野生重点药用植物有72种,占总数的10.73%。珍稀濒危药用植物有16种,占总数的2.38%。药用植物优势科主要是豆科、菊科、兰科、蓼科和唇形科。药用植物生活型构成主要以草本为主,共348种,占总种类的51.86%;药用功效以清热药为主,共265种,占总种类的39.49%;菝葜的蕴藏量最大,为1797.84 t。结论:昌宁县野生药用植物资源丰富,但蕴藏量不大,特别是一些珍贵特色类资源野生种群稀少,今后应加强野生资源保护工作,促进药用植物资源的可持续利用。

Objective:To understand the resources of wild medicinal plants in Changning county,so as to provide scientific basis for development and protection of medicinal plant resources.Methods:According to the technical scheme requirements of the fourth national general survey of TCM resources,the investigation method of sample plot and line transect was adopted to investigate the wild medicinal plant resources in the county,and the resource composition,life structure,medicinal effect and the storage of medicinal materials were analyzed.Results:There were 671 species of wild medicinal plants in Changning county,belonging to 130 families and 448 genera.There were 72 kinds of wild key medicinal materials,accounting for 10.73%of the total.There were 16 rare and endangered medicinal plants,accounting for 2.38%of the total.The dominant families of medicinal plants were Legumes,Compositae,Orchidaceae,Polygonaceae and Labiaceae.Herbs were the main life forms of medicinal plants,with 348 species,accounting for 51.86%of the total species.The medicinal effect was mainly heat clearing drugs,265 kinds,accounting for 39.49%of the total category;Smilax china had the largest amount(1797.84 t).Conclusion:The resources of wild medicinal plants are abundant in Changning county,but the reserves are small,especially the wild populations of some precious characteristic medicinal materials are rare.It is suggested that the protection of wild resources should be strengthened in the future to promote the sustainable utilization of medicinal plants resources.