基于MaxEnt模型和ArcGIS的阳春砂生态适宜性研究

Habitat Suitability Study of Amomum villosum Based on MaxEnt Model and ArcGIS

目的:预测阳春砂在我国的潜在适宜分布区域,为阳春砂的引种栽培提供科学依据。方法:通过实地调研、文献检索和中国数字植物标本馆获得176条阳春砂全国主产区分布信息,利用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)筛选出影响阳春砂生长的主要生态因子。结合地理信息系统(ArcGIS)得出阳春砂潜在适生分布区域并将其划分为高度适生区、中度适生区、低度适生区及非适生区。结果:影响阳春砂分布的主要生态因子为5月平均降水量、4月平均温、最湿季平均温、10月平均温、6月平均温、8月平均温、等温性、3月平均降水量、3月平均温9个生态因子。阳春砂在我国适生分布区域为广东、广西、云南、海南、贵州、重庆、四川东部、湖南西部、江西中部、福建东南部、台湾西南部等。最适宜分布的区域集中在广东、广西中部及南部、云南南部、福建东南部、海南中部。结论:除了阳春砂传统产区与实际调研情况相符外,还预测到海南中部也属于阳春砂的适宜分布区,该研究结果对于阳春砂扩大引种栽培区域和药材规范化生产具有参考和指导性意义。

Objective:To predict the potential suitable distribution areas of Amomum villosum in China,so as to provide scientific basis for further introduction and cultivation of Amomum villosum.Methods:Through field investigation,literature retrieval and digital herbarium of China,the distribution information of 176 main production areas of Amomum villosum in China was obtained,and the main ecological factors affecting the growth of Amomum villosum were screened by MaxEnt model.Combined with the geographical information system(ArcGIS),the potential suitable distribution area of Amomum villosum was obtained and divided into high suitable area,medium suitable area,low suitable area and non-suitable area.Results:The main ecological factors affecting the distribution of Amomum villosum were average precipitation in May,average temperature in April,average temperature in the wettest season,average temperatures in October,June,August,isothermality,average precipitation in March and average temperature temperature in March.The suitable distribution areas of Amomum villosum in China were Guangdong,Guangxi,Yunnan,Hainan,Guizhou,Chongqing,east Sichuan,west Hunan,central Jiangxi,southeast Fujian,southwest Taiwan region,etc.The most suitable distribution areas were concentrated in Guangdong,central and southern Guangxi,southern Yunnan,southeastern Fujian and central Hainan.Conclusion:In addition to the fact that the traditional production areas of Amomum villosum are consistent with the actual survey,the central Hainan is also predicted to be a suitable distribution area of Amomum villosum.The results of this study have reference and directive meaning for the expansion of the introduction and cultivation area of Amomum villosum and the standardized production of medicinal materials.