底肥种类和种植密度对“怀菊2号”生长发育、品质及产量的影响

Effect of Base Fertilizer Type and Planting Density on Growth and Development, Quality and Yield of Chrysanthemum morifolium “Huaiju No.2”

目的:为确定“怀菊2号”(豫中药品鉴2016002)新品种种植的最佳底肥种类和种植密度,建立其良种良法配套栽培措施。方法:以随机区组试验的方法,设置复合肥(CF)、功能性生物有机肥(OF)和混合肥(MF,复合肥∶有机肥=1∶1)三种底肥,3500株/667 m^(2)、4000株/667 m^(2)、4500株/667 m^(2)、5000株/667 m^(2)4个种植密度,探究底肥种类和种植密度对“怀菊2号”生长发育、品质及产量的影响。结果:底肥种类对“怀菊2号”花朵的总活性成分含量无显著影响,但与CF和MF相比,施用OF的“怀菊2号”植株株高、冠幅显著增大,植株生长发育最佳,产量显著提高;种植密度对“怀菊2号”花朵的总活性成分含量无显著影响,但与3500株/667 m^(2)、4500株/667 m^(2)和5000株/667 m^(2)相比,4000株/667 m^(2)的种植密度对于“怀菊2号”的生长发育具有良好效果,其产量和Ⅰ级花比率均较高。结论:怀菊花优良品种“怀菊2号”在4000株/667 m^(2)的种植密度条件下,施用功能性生物有机肥作为底肥可获得高产优质。

Objective:To determine the best type of base fertilizer and planting density for the new variety Chrysanthemum morifolium“Huaiju No.2”(Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine Plant Cultivar Identification Number:2016002),and to establish its supporting cultivation measures.Methods:Using the method of randomized block experiment,three base fertilizer of compound fertilizer(CF),functional bio-organic fertilizer(OF),mixed fertilizer(MF,CF∶OF=1∶1)and four planting densities of 3500 plants/667 m^(2),4000 plants/667 m^(2),4500 plants/667 m^(2),5000 plants/667 mwere set up,the effects of base fertilizer type and planting density on the growth and development,quality and yield of Chrysanthemum morifolium“Huaiju No.2”were explored.Results:The type of base fertilizer had no significant effect on the total active ingredient content of the flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium“Huaiju No.2”,but compared with CF and MF,height and crown width of plants applied with OF were significantly increased,plant growth and development was the optimum,and yield was significantly increased.Planting density also had no significant effect of total active ingredient content,but compared with 3500 plants/667 m^(2),4500 plants/667 m^(2)and 5000 plants/667 m^(2),the planting density of 4000 plants/667 m^(2)had a good effect on the growth and development of Chrysanthemum morifolium“Huaiju No.2”,and its yield and gradeⅠflower ratio were both higher.Conclusion:Under the planting density of 4000 plants/667 m^(2),the high yield and high quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium“Huaiju No.2”can be obtained by applying functional bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer.