黑龙江省集贤县药用植物资源的调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Medicinal Plant Resources in Jixian County, Heilongjiang Province

目的:调查集贤县药用植物资源的种类、分布、利用和栽培现状,为该县药用植物的保护及开发利用提供科学依据。方法:采用样地调查、走访调查和内业鉴定等方式,对集贤县药用植物资源及其药材采收和使用等内容进行普查。结果:集贤县有药用价值的植物共90科,187属,225种。重点调查的品种有51科,88属,104种;被2020年版中国药典收录的有46科,72属,84种;按生活型统计,草本植物占绝对优势,约80.77%;按入药部位分析,根及根茎类药材最多,占47.12%;按主要功效分类,清热药最多,占25.96%。集贤县的栽培药用植物品种十分单一,以人参为主。野生药材的采集时间集中在5-6月和8-9月两个时间段。结论:集贤县药用植物资源较为丰富,除几种野生的大宗药材收购外,尚未形成规模化。当地政府应注重对野生资源的保护,引导群众合理采集和栽培,保证野生药用植物资源的可持续利用。

Objective:To investigate the species,distribution,utilization and cultivation status of medicinal plant resources in Jixian county,so as to provide scientific basis for the protection,development and utilization of medicinal plants in this county.Methods:The medicinal plants and their collection,acquisition and utilization in Jixian county were investigated by means of sample survey,visit survey and specimen identification.Results:There were 225 species of medicinal plants belong to 90 families,187 genera in Jixian county,among which 51 families,88 genera,104 species plants were self-defined key species,and 46 families,72 genera,84 species plants were listed in the Chinese pharmacopoeia.Herbs were dominant in life form,accounting for 80.77%.From the analysis of medicinal parts,roots and rhizome was the most,accounting for 47.12%.According to the main efficacy,clearing heat medicine has the highest proportion,about 25.96%.The cultivated medicinal plants in Jixian county were very single,mainly Panax ginseng.The collection time of wild herbs was concentrated in May to June and August to September.Conclusion:Jixian county is rich in medicinal plant resources,However,there is no commercial species except for the purchase of wild bulk medicinal materials.The local government should pay attention to the protection of wild resources,leading the people collect and cultivate rationally to ensure the sustainable utilization of wild medicinal plant resources.