基于有效成分和近红外光谱研究不同施肥水平对藏药铁棒锤质量的影响

Effect of Different Fertilization Levels on the Quality of Tibetan Medicine Aconitum pendulum Based on Active Components and Near Infrared Spectroscopy

目的:在大田条件下,研究不同施肥水平对铁棒锤质量的影响,为铁棒锤的广泛种植、科学施肥及标准化栽培提供指导依据。方法:采用“3414”法进行铁棒锤大田肥效试验,应用HPLC测定主要有效成分乌头碱的含量,近红外漫反射法测定不同配比氮磷钾施肥的铁棒锤药材的近红外光谱,并通过方差分析、聚类分析和主成分分析进行质量评价。结果:氮、磷、钾肥均对铁棒锤中乌头碱含量有极显著影响(P<0.001),且氮磷钾配施中磷肥占比高的,铁棒锤中乌头碱含量较高,效果较好。聚类分析和主成分分析结果表明,P_(2)O_(5)≥580.50 kg/hm^(2)时,施肥处理与铁棒锤药材质量具有较好的相关性。结论:建议最佳施肥量的磷肥(P_(2)O_(5)≥580.50 kg/hm^(2))可以有效提高铁棒锤中乌头碱的含量,通过“3414”田间施肥设计,说明科学有效施肥能提高铁棒锤的质量。

Objective:To study the effect of different fertilization levels on the quality of Aconitum pendulum in field,so as to provide guidance for extensive planting,scientific fertilization and standardized cultivation of Aconitum pendulum.Methods:The"3414"method was used to carry out the fertilizer effect test of Aconitum pendulum.HPLC was used to determine the content of the main effective ingredient aconitine,near infrared diffuse reflectance method was used to determine the near infrared spectrum of Aconitum pendulum with different proportions of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization.The quality evaluation was carried out by analysis of variance,cluster analysis and principal component analysis.Results:The content of aconitine in Aconitum pendulum was significantly affected by nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization(P<0.001),and the combination of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization with a high proportion of phosphorus fertilizer had a higher content of aconitine in Aconitum pendulum,and the effect was better.The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that when P_(2)O_(5)≥580.50 kg/hm^(2),there was a good correlation between fertilization and the quality of Aconitum pendulum.Conclusion:It is suggested that the best phosphate fertilizer(P_(2)O_(5)≥580.50 kg/hm^(2))can effectively improve the content of aconitine in Aconitum pendulum.The"3414"field fertilization design shows that scientific and effective fertilization can improve the quality of Aconitum pendulum.