扎龙国家级自然保护区珍稀濒危药用植物及优先保护评价

Evaluation of Rare and Endangered Medicinal Plants and Priority Protection in Zhalong National Nature Reserve

目的:掌握扎龙国家级自然保护区珍稀濒危药用植物的现存状况,科学划分优先保护等级,为保护区依次分类开展保护提供科学依据。方法:采用样方法、访问调查法及资料挖掘法对保护区野生药用植物资源进行系统调查,利用名录现状系数等7项指标定量计算各濒危植物的保护缓急程度值,辅以各物种的生态位宽度测算,确定珍稀濒危药用植物优先保护序列。结果:共记录药用植物52科121属157种;筛选出7种珍稀濒危药用植物,其生态位宽度大小排序依次为野大豆(0.2636)、防风(0.0533)、蒙古黄芪(0.0275)、狼毒大戟(0.0267)、绶草(0.0213)、黄芩(0.0213)、桔梗(0.0213);优先保护值在0.5417~0.7209之间,保护等级Ⅰ级(急需保护)的药用植物有蒙古黄芪,保护等级Ⅱ级(需要保护)的药用植物有野大豆,保护等级Ⅲ级(一般保护)的药用植物有绶草、防风、黄芩、桔梗、狼毒大戟。结论:扎龙国家级自然保护区应加大珍稀濒危药用植物的就地保护力度。

Objective:To find out the extant status of rare and endangered medicinal plants in Zhalong National Nature Reserve and classify the priority protection grades scientifically,so as to provide scientific basis for the protection of the protected area in turn.Methods:The resources of wild medicinal plants in the protected area were systematically investigated by quadrat method,interview survey method and data mining method.The conservation urgency degree values of each endangered plant were calculated quantitatively by using 7 indexes such as status coefficient,and the niche breadth of each species was calculated to determine the priority conservation sequence of rare and endangered medicinal plants.Results:A total of 157 species of medicinal plants belonging to 121 genera and 52 families in Zhalong National Nature Reserve were recorded.Seven rare and endangered medicinal plants were screened.The order of niche breadth was Glycine soja(0.2636)>Saposhnikovia divaricata(0.0533)>Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus(0.0275)>Euphorbia fischeriana(0.0267)>Spiranthes sinensis(0.0213)=Scutellaria baicalensis(0.0213)=Platycodon grandifloru(0.0213).The priority protection value of 7 kinds of protected plants was between 0.5417 and 0.7209.The medicinal plant with first-class of protection(urgent need protection)was Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus,the medicinal plants of second-class(need protection)was Glycine soja,and the medicinal plants of third-class(general protection)were Spiranthes sinensis,Saposhnikovia divaricata,Scutellaria baicalensis,Platycodon grandiflorus,Euphorbia fischeriana.Conclusion:In Zhalong National Nature Reserve,local protection of rare and endangered medicinal plants should be strengthened.