3种木通属植物21份种质果实的果皮品质评价

Quality Evaluation of Pericarp and Fruits of Twenty-one Germplasms in Three Akebia Plants

目的:对木通科木通属21份种质果实果皮的主要表型性状、产量性状及内在品质进行比较,为选育优异种质提供参考。方法:分别记录21份种质的外形参数,采用常规方法测定不同种质的产量性状,利用HPLC法测定α-常春藤皂苷、齐墩果酸及木通苯乙醇苷B,采用分光光度法测定总黄酮、多糖及果胶,通过变异系数分析种间及种内种质的果皮品质差异。采用SPSS 19.0进行相关性分析,并结合总变异系数与相关性分析进行指标筛选,数据标准化后进行主成分分析,以及采用Excel进行灰色关联度分析,最后结合果色、果形、主成分分析结果和灰色关联度分析结果进行综合分析与评价。结果:木通属种质种间及种内存在着不同程度的差异,且种质的不同对特征品质的影响较大。相关性结果显示,果实质量对内在品质的影响不大,果形指数与果胶、多糖、齐墩果酸呈显著正相关。主成分分析结果表明,前3个主成分累计贡献率为83.164%,经过综合得分排序,排名在前的基本为白木通种质(B2~B8);通过灰色加权关联度分析得到的较优种质也为B2~B8,虽与主成分分析的排名略有差异,但白木通种质(B2~B8)果皮综合品质仍较优,适宜开发并推广种植。结论:果色和果实形状对果皮品质的影响较小,仅作为资源开发时的参考指标。

Objective:To compare the main phenotypic traits,yield traits and intrinsic quality of fruit pericarp from 21 germplasms of Akebia,Lardizabalaceae,so as to provide reference for breeding excellent germplasms.Methods:The appearance parameters of 21 germplasms were recorded,resprctively.The yield traits of different germplasms were determined by conventional methods,the contents ofα-hederangenoside,oleanolic acid and calceolarioside B were determined by HPLC,the contents of total flavonoids,polysaccharides and pectin were determined by spectrophotometry,and the differences of pericarp quality between species and within species were analyzed by coefficient of variation.SPSS 19.0 was used for correlation analysis,and the variation coefficient and correlation analysis were used for index screening.After data standardization,principal component analysis was carried out,the gray correlation analysis was carried by Excel.Finally,the results of fruit color,fruit shape,principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis were combined for comprehensive analysis and evaluation.Results:There were differences between species and within species of Akebia,and the difference of germplasms had great influence on characteristic quality.The correlation results showed that fruit quality had little effect on internal quality,fruit shape index was significantly positively correlated with pectin,polysaccharide and oleanolic acid.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 83.164%.In the comprehensive score ranking situation,the top ranked germplasm was Akebia trifoliata var.australis germplasm(B2 to B8),the grey weighted correlation analysis results showed that B2 to B8 were the best germplasms,but the ranking was slightly different from that of principal component analysis.The pericarp comprehensive quality of Akebia trifoliata var.australis germplasm(B2 to B8)was better,which was suitable for development and planting.Conclusion:The fruit color and fruit shape have little effect on the comprehensive quality of pericarp and can be used as a reference index for resource development.