贵州喀斯特地区铁皮石斛仿野生种植研究

Study on the Imitation Wild Planting of Dendrobium officinale in Guizhou Karst Area

目的:研究贵州喀斯特地区铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo仿野生种植关键技术。方法:在兴义市则戎镇干嘎村干嘎丫口、长冲村小东山、冷洞村烘纳组和南盘江镇田房村坡墰组等地,开展铁皮石斛仿野生种植试验,研究仿野生种植环境条件、种植方法、管理技术措施。结果:(1)地势开阔、光照充足、通风良好的地方种植效果好,深山峡谷、地势低洼、光照时间短、通风不良的地方种植效果差;(2)山中上部仿野生种植效果优于山中下部;(3)郁闭度以30%~50%为最好,不能大于80%;(4)经大棚驯化1~2年的种苗,种植成活率、分蘖率高,能获得适当的产量。结论:环境和种苗是影响铁皮石斛仿野生种植的关键。

Objective: To study the key cultivation techniques of Dendrobium officinale in karst area of Guizhou province.Methods: In places such as Ganga Yakou, Ganga village, Zerong town, Xiaodong Mountain, Changchong village, Hongna group, Lengdong village and Potan group, Tianfang village, Nanpanjiang town of Xingyi city, imitation wild planting experiments of Dendrobium officinale were carried out to study the environmental conditions, planting methods and management techniques of imitation wild planting.Results:(1)The planting effect was good in open terrain, adequate illumination and good ventilation, while the planting effect was poor in deep mountains and valleys, low-lying areas, short illumination time and poor ventilation;(2)The effect of imitation wild planting in the middle-upper part of the mountain was better than that in the lower middle part of the mountain;(3)the canopy density of 30% to 50% was the best, not more than 80%;(4)The seedlings domesticated in greenhouse for 1 to 2 years had high survival rate and tiller rate, and could obtain appropriate yield.Conclusion: Environment and seedling are the key factors affecting the imitation wild planting of Dendrobium officinale.