基于皂苷类成分结合多元统计学评价不同产地盾叶薯蓣的质量特征

Evaluation of Quality Characteristics of Dioscorea zingiberensis Rhizome from Different Producing Areas Based on Saponins and Multivariate Statistics

目的:建立盾叶薯蓣中总皂苷及5种单体皂苷含量的检测方法,比较和评价不同产地盾叶薯蓣皂苷类成分的质量特征。方法:以全国8个产地的盾叶薯蓣为研究对象,采用UV-VIS和UPLC测定样品中总皂苷及5个单体皂苷的含量,结合因子综合分析、聚类分析及PLS-DA分析等多元统计方法对不同产地盾叶薯蓣中皂苷类成分的含量进行分析。结果:经考察所建立的盾叶薯蓣总皂苷和5种单体皂苷含量测定方法符合定量分析的要求;各产地盾叶薯蓣总皂苷平均含量由高到低依次为:甘肃陇南、湖南怀化、湖北十堰、湖北丹江口、陕西安康、陕西商洛、河南南阳、湖北宜昌,其中甘肃陇南、湖南怀化产地的盾叶薯蓣总皂苷含量显著高于湖北宜昌、河南南阳和陕西商洛产地,其余产地之间均无明显差异;单体类皂苷在各产地中的含量差异较大,其中湖北丹江口和甘肃陇南产盾叶薯蓣整体质量较好,且比较稳定,其他各产地的整体质量波动较大;聚类分析表明,湖北宜昌、河南南阳及陕西商洛的盾叶薯蓣质量特征较为接近,湖北丹江口与甘肃陇南的比较接近,而湖南怀化、湖北十堰与陕西安康则比较接近;PLS-DA分析筛选出薯蓣皂苷、总皂苷和伪原薯蓣皂苷是引起盾叶薯蓣质量差异的3种主要成分。结论:该研究所建立的方法可以用于盾叶薯蓣中总皂苷及5种单体皂苷成分的含量测定,不同产地盾叶薯蓣的皂苷类成分质量特征存在差异。

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of total saponins and 5 kinds of monomer saponins contents in Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizome,and to compare and evaluate the quality characteristics of saponins in Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizome from different producing areas.Methods:The contents of total saponins and 5 kinds of monomer saponins in Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizome from 8 producing areas in China were determined by UV-VIS and UPLC,and the contents of saponins in Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizome from different producing areas were analyzed by multiple statistical methods such as factor comprehensive analysis,cluster analysis and PLS-DA analysis.Results:After review,the determination method of total saponins and 5 kinds of monomer saponins in Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizome was in accordance with the requirement of quantitative analysis.The average content of total saponins in Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizome from different origins was as follows from high to low,Longnan of Gansu,Huaihua of Hunan,Shiyan of Hubei,Danjiangkou of Hubei,Ankang of Shaanxi,Shangluo of Shaanxi,Nanyang of Henan,Yichang of Hubei.Among them,the contents of total saponins in Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizome from in Longnan of Gansu and Huaihua of Hunan were significantly higher than those in Yichang of Hubei,Nanyang of Henan and Shangluo of Shaanxi,there was no significant difference between the other producing areas.The content of monomer saponins varied greatly in different producing areas.Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizome grown in Danjiangkou of Hubei and Longnan of Gansu had better overall quality and was relatively stable,the overall quality of other producing areas fluctuated greatly;Cluster analysis showed that the quality characteristics of Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizome in Yichang of Hubei,Nanyang of Henan and Shangluo of Shaanxi were close,that of Danjiangkou of Hubei and Longnan of Gansu were close and that of Huaihua of Hunan,Shiyan of Hubei and Ankang of Shaanxi were close.PLS-DA analysis showed that dioscin,total saponin and pseudoprodioscin were the three main components that caused the quality difference of Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizome.Conclusion:The method established in this study can be used to determine the contents of total saponins and 5 kinds of monomeric saponins in Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizome,The quality characteristics of saponins in Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizome from different producing areas are different.