柴胡生长年限与植株性状及种子质量的关系研究

Study on the Relationship between Growing Years and Plant Traits,Seed Quality of Bupleurum chinense

目的:研究不同生长年限柴胡植株性状及种子质量,为柴胡优质种子生产提供依据。方法:以不同生长年限柴胡为试验材料,测定不同生长年限柴胡植株性状及种子质量指标。结果:(1)不同生长年限柴胡植株性状差异显著,3年生柴胡株高、根长、根粗、根生物量、单株生物量分别为93.9 cm、20.7 cm、9.94 mm、5.7 g和21.9 g,显著高于1年生及2年生植株。(2)不同生长年限柴胡结实性差异明显,3年生柴胡单株总小花序数和单株种子重分别为77个和5.7 g,显著高于1年生及2年生植株,但柴胡种子结实率以2年生的最高为60.9%。(3)随着生长年限的增长,柴胡种子质量提高,3年生柴胡大粒种子(>14目)所占比例为24.5%,优于1年生及2年生植株;3年生柴胡种子千粒重、饱满度、生活力及萌发率分别为0.8200 g、94.7%、92.0%和90.0%,显著高于1年生植株,但与2年生植株差异不显著。(4)柴胡生长年限与株高、根长、根粗、根生物量、种子生物量、单株生物量、总小花序数、结实小花序数、种子长度、种子千粒重及种子饱满度呈显著正相关,相关系数在0.96以上。结论:不同生长年限柴胡植株性状及种子质量存在明显差异,柴胡留种植株应选择2年生及以上年限为好。

Objective:To study the plant traits and seed quality of Bupleurum chinense with different growing years,so as to provide the basis for high-quality seed production of Bupleurum chinense.Methods:Different growing years of Bupleurum chinense were used as materials to determine the plant traits and seed quality.Results:(1)The plant traits of Bupleurum chinense with different growing years were significantly different.The plant height,root length,root thickness,root biomass and biomass per plant of three-year-old Bupleurum chinense were 93.9 cm,20.7 cm,9.94 mm,5.7 g and 21.9 g,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of one-year-old and two-year-old plants.(2)The setting rates of Bupleurum chinense with different growing years were significantly different.The total floret number and seed weight of single plant of three-year-old Bupleurum chinense were 77 and 5.7 g,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of one-year-old and two-year-old plants.However,the seed setting rate of Bupleurum chinense was higher at two-year-old plant,the highest was 60.9%.(3)With the increase of growing years,the seed quality of Bupleurum chinense improved.The proportion of three-year-old Bupleurum chinense seeds(>14 mesh)was 24.5%,which was better than one-year-old and two-year-old plants.The thousand seeds weight,plumpness,viability and germination rate of three-year-old Bupleurum chinense seeds were 0.8200 g,94.7%,92.0%and 90.0%,respectively,which were significantly higher than one-year-old plants,but not significantly different from two-year-old plant.(4)The growing years of Bupleurum chinense were significantly positively correlated with plant height,root length,root thickness,root biomass,seed biomass,biomass per plant,total floret number,setting floret number,seed length,thousand seeds weight and seed plumpness,and the correlation coefficient was above 0.96.Conclusion:There are significant differences in plant traits and seed quality of Bupleurum chinense with different growing years.Bupleurum chinensis with two-year-old and more can be used for seed production.