肇庆巴戟天两种种植模式的植物学性状及药效成分研究

Study on Botanical Characters and Pharmacodynamic Components of Morinda officinalis under Two Planting Modes in Zhaoqing

目的:为促进岭南中药材巴戟天种植业的可持续发展,推进巴戟天"高产、优质、增效、生态"的现代中药种植模式。方法:科学应用比较分析法,对肇庆市德庆金山茶场巴戟天两种种植模式基地开展实地调研。结果:肉桂林下种植巴戟天的基地,土壤有效矿质营养与有机质含量低于坡地连片种植基地20%~23%,但肉桂林基地土壤的水源涵养功能较好,伴生植物群落结构较为丰富,提高了林下巴戟天抵御风害或寒潮的能力。植株的茎、叶部形态指标优于坡地连片种植,根部结薯量大,肉质根肥厚,根肉淡紫红色或淡紫色,木心小。检测巴戟天多糖、总黄酮和原花青素等主要药效成分含量表明,肉桂林下收获巴戟天的上述指标显著优于坡地连片种植(P<0.05或P<0.01),符合中国药典对巴戟天的要求。结论:肇庆巴戟天应用肉桂林下套种的种植模式,较合理解决了坡地连片种植带来的潜在山地环境破坏问题,并且提高了巴戟天的亩产量及其药效品质,为促进南药巴戟天种植业的可持续发展提供了示范参照。

Objective:To promote the sustainable development of the planting industry of Morinda officinalis in Lingnan,and to promote the modern cultivation model of Morinda officinalis with high yield,high quality,high efficiency and ecology.Methods:The field research on the base of two cultivation patterns of Morinda officinalis in Deqing Jinshan tea farm in Zhaoqing city was carried out by scientific comparative analysis.Results:The contents of available mineral nutrition and organic matter in soil of the base where Morinda officinalis was planted under Cinnamomi Cortex forest were 20%~23% lower than that in the continuous planting base on slope land.However,the soil water conservation function of Cinnamomi Cortex forest base was better,the associated plant community structure was rich,which improved the ability of Morindae officinalis under the forest to resist wind damage or cold wave.The morphological indexes of the stem and leaf of the plant were better than those of the continuous planting on the slope land.The root yields were large,fleshy roots were fleshy,the roots were light purple red or lilac,the wood heart was small.The contents of polysaccharides,total flavonoids and procyanidins of Morindae officinalis under Cinnamomi Cortex plantation showed that the above indexes of Morindae officinalis harvested under Cinnamomi Cortex plantation were significantly better than those of continuous planting on sloping land(P<0.05 or P<0.01),which conformed to the requirements of Chinese pharmacopoeia for the quality products of Morinda officinalis.Conclusion:The application of the planting mode of Morindae officinalis interplanting under Cinnamomi Cortex forest in Zhaoqing has reasonably solved the potential mountain environmental damage caused by continuous planting on slope land,and improves the yield per mu and the quality of medicinal efficacy of Morindae officinalis,providing a reference for demonstration planting to promote the sustainable development of industry of Morindae officinalis in South China.