红花新品种豫红花1号的选育研究

Breeding Study of New Chinese Medicinal Material Variety “Yuhonghua NO.1”

目的:选育综合性状优良的红花新品种。方法:采用系统选育的方法,从多份红花种质资源中优选出试验材料ZHH03,经过品系比较试验、区域试验、生产试验和高产示范,对其主要农艺性状、物候期、抗逆性、适应性、产量和品质等方面进行综合鉴定评价,最终选育出综合性状优良的红花新品种。结果:豫红花1号在2015~2017年河南省红花区域试验中,花丝药材平均产量305.14 kg/hm^2,籽实平均产量3 442.11 kg/hm^2,分别比对照卫红花地方品种增产15.16%和18.04%,增产均达极显著水平;在2016~2017年河南省红花生产试验中,花丝药材平均产量为298.84 kg/hm^2,籽实平均产量为3 305.66 kg/hm^2,分别比对照卫红花地方品种增产17.82%和21.65%;在2016~2017年河南红花道地产区10亩(约6 667 m^2)高产示范试验中,花丝药材平均产量为324.30 kg/hm^2,籽实平均产量为3 395.10 kg/hm^2。种子含油量为35.0%,其药材各主要有效成分含量均符合2015版中国药典一部标准要求。结论:药油两用红花新品种豫红花1号具有高产稳产、优质、适应性广和综合抗性强等特点,于2018年1月通过河南省中药材品种审定专业委员会审定,是河南省通过审定的第一个红花中药材新品种。

Objective:To breed a new variety of Carthamus tinctorius with excellent comprehensive characters.Methods:The experimental material ZHH03 was selected from multiple Carthamus tinctorius germplasm resources by systematic breeding method.Through variety test of Lines,regional test,production test and high-yield demonstration,the main agronomic characters,phenology period,resistance,adaptability,yield and quality were comprehensively evaluated,a new variety of Carthamus tinctorius with excellent comprehensive characters was finally selected.Results:During the regional experiment of "Yuhonghua NO.1" in Henan province from 2015 to 2017,the average yield of filament and seed were 305.14 kg/hm^2 and 3 442.11 kg/hm^2 in the regional trail of Carthamus tinctorius,which were 15.16% and 18.04% higher than that of the control variety,respectively,the yield increases reached extremely significant level.The average yield of filament and seed of "Yuhonghua NO.1" were 298.84 kg/hm^2 and 3 305.66 kg/hm^2 in the production test of Carthamus tinctorius in Henan province from 2016 to 2017,which were 17.82% and 21.65% higher than that of the control variety,respectively.The average yield of filament and seed of "Yuhonghua NO.1" were 324.30 kg/hm^2 and 3 395.10 kg/hm^2 in the 10 mu(which was about 6 667 m^2) high-yield demonstration test of Carthamus tinctorius in Henan genuine producing area from 2016 to 2017.The oil content of seeds was 35.0% and the contents of the main active ingredients in the medicinal materials all met the standard requirements of Part I in Chinese pharmacopoeia(2015 edition).Conclusion:"Yuhonghua NO.1" with dual-use of medicine and oil has the characteristics of high and stable yield,good quality,wide adaptability and strong comprehensive resistance,it is the first new Carthamus tinctorius variety which is scrutinized by Henan Chinese Medicinal Material Variety Approval Committee in January 2018.