穿心莲茎叶水提液对10种农作物种子的化感效应研究

Study on Allelopathic Effects of Aqueous Extracts from Stems and Leaves of Andrographis paniculata on Ten Crops Seeds

目的:探索穿心莲茎叶水提液对10种农作物种子萌发的化感作用,为降低穿心莲连作障碍筛选适宜的轮作作物。方法:培养皿滤纸法测定6种浓度的穿心莲茎叶水提液(0.033、0.04、0.05、0.067、0.10、0.20 g/mL)对10种农作物种子萌发的影响。结果:(1)0.033~0.20 g/mL的穿心莲茎叶水提液对南瓜、豇豆和黄瓜种子发芽率无显著影响;(2)0.033~0.20 g/mL的穿心莲茎叶水提液显著降低莴苣、生菜、芥菜、番茄种子发芽势和发芽率,浓度越大,化感抑制作用越强,0.20 g/mL时化感抑制作用分别为61%、41%、65%、99%;(3)较低浓度穿心莲茎叶水提液(0.033~0.05 g/mL)对玉米、豌豆、茴香种子发芽势和发芽率均无显著影响,较高浓度(0.067~0.20 g/mL)可显著抑制种子发芽,0.20 g/mL时化感抑制作用分别为16%、27%、98%。结论:适宜与穿心莲大田轮作的物种为南瓜、豇豆和黄瓜。

Objective:To study the allelopathic effects of the aqueous extracts from the stems and leaves of Andrographis paniculata on the germination of 10 crops seeds,so as to screen suitable rotation crops for reducing obstacles in continuous cultivation of Andrographis paniculata.Methods:The effects of six concentrations of water extracts(0.033,0.04,0.05,0.067,0.10,0.20 g/mL)from stem and leaves of Andrographis paniculata on seed germination of 10 crops were determined by petri dish filter paper method.Results:(1)When the concentration was 0.033~0.20 g/mL,the aqueous extracts of stems and leaves had no significant effect on the seed germination rate of pumpkin,cowpea and cucumber.(2)At the concentration of 0.033~0.20 g/mL,it significantly decreased the germination rate and germination potential of lettuce,romaine lettuce,mustard and tomato seeds.The higher the concentration,the stronger the allelopathy inhibition.At 0.20 g/mL,the inhibition of allelopathy was 61%,41%,65% and 99%,respectively.(3)Water extract from stems and leaves of Andrographis paniculata at low concentration(0.033~0.05 g/mL)had no significant effect on germination potential and germination rate of corn,pea and fennel seeds,while high concentration(0.067~0.20 g/mL)could significantly inhibit seed germination.The inhibition effect of allelopathy at the concentration of 0.20 g/mL was 16%,27% and 98%,respectively.Conclusion:Pumpkin,cowpea and cucumber are suitable for field rotation of Andrographis paniculata.