延安时期“文化下乡”的历史考察与启示——以毛泽东关于农村文化改造的思考为线索

A Review of the Campaign to“Send Culture to the Countryside”during the Yan'an Period and Its Implications:A Study on Mao Zedong’s Ideas on Rural Cultural Reform

如何改造农村文化实际,教育动员农民参加革命,是毛泽东在新民主主义革命时期反复思考的课题。毛泽东高度重视农民问题,在大革命和土地革命战争时期便细致深入地调查农村文化,初步构想农村文化改造的方式。延安时期,毛泽东关于农村文化改造设想终于付诸实践,伴随着多方面条件的成熟,一场“文化下乡”运动得以展开。这场运动为农村文化改造提供了一个成功范例,取得了多重的效果。在新时代,重温毛泽东与延安时期“文化下乡”运动的理论与实践,能够给予当前新农村建设以重要启示。

How to transform the culture,to educate and engage farmers in the revolution was a question that Mao Zedong had pondered during the period of the New Democratic Revolution.He attached great importance to the issue of farmers and conducted detailed and in-depth investigations into rural culture during the periods of the Great Revolution and the Agrarian Revolutionary War,and made his conception to transform rural culture.During the Yan’an period,Mao Zedong put his conception into practice,and as conditions became ready,a campaign to“send culture to the countryside”was launched.This movement set an example for reforming rural culture and customs and achieved multiple effects.It is of great significance to review Mao Zedong and his theory and practice concerning the cultural movement during the Yan’an period as it can provide us great insight in advancing rural development in the new era.