坚持原则与注重策略统一范例——中共中央处理张国焘问题研究

An Example of Adhering to Principles While Applying Strategies:A Case Study of the Party Central Committee in Handling Zhang Guotao Issue

长征期间,中共中央为维护党内团结,对张国焘进行耐心争取工作,但是在政治路线和军事战略等原则问题上则采取坚决斗争,颁布《中央关于张国焘同志的错误的决定》明确中共中央和张国焘争论和分歧实质。张国焘抵达陕北后,中共中央对其在长征期间所犯错误进行了集中批判,颁布《中央政治局关于张国焘同志错误的决定》对其错误进行政治定性,但在组织处理上对张国焘仍采取团结方针。当张国焘谋划和实施脱离中共党组织过程中,中共中央主要领导人对其进行耐心挽留和规劝,但是当得知其“脱党”决心已定后,立即作出《中共中央关于开除张国焘党籍的决定》和《关于开除张国焘党籍的党内报告大纲》,清算张国焘在中共革命史上错误,消除张国焘问题在中共党内军中消极影响。中共中央处理张国焘问题实现了中共中央处理党内问题从“残酷斗争,无情打击”到“惩前毖后,治病救人”转变,是其处理党内分歧既坚持原则又注重策略的范例。

During the Long March,to maintain unity within the party,the Party Central Committee did much persuasion to convince Zhang Guotao while on the other hand,it contended with him resolutely on issues of principles,such as the political line and military strategy.It issued the Decision on Comrade Zhang Guotao’s Mistakes to clarify the essence of the controversy and rift between the Party Central Committee and Zhang Guotao.After Zhang arrived at northern Shaanxi,the Central Committee conducted a concentrated criticism on his mistakes committed in the Long March and issued the Decision by the Central Political Bureau on Comrade Zhang Guotao’s Mistakes to identify politically the nature of his mistakes.Meanwhile,it still adopted the approach to uniting him in organization.When Zhang schemed to quit the organization of the Party,the major leaders of the Central Committee went to great length to persuade him and win him back.However,when they perceived that he was determined to quit,they promptly made the Decision on the Termination of Zhang Guotao’s Party Membership and the Brief Report on the Termination of Zhang Guotao’s Party Membership to clear up Zhang’s mistakes in the revolutionary history of the Party and defuse the negative impact on the military and Party.In this case,the Central Committee showed a change from“merciless struggle and ruthless crackdown”to“curing the sickness to save the patients”in dealing with the controversies in the Party,which set an example of adhering to principles while applying strategies in dealing with controversies in the Party.