试论列宁晚年的社会主义建设思想

On Lenin’s Thought on Socialist Construction in His Later Years

列宁晚年的社会主义建设思想,主要是通过新经济政策的途径向社会主义过渡。这一思想提出的客观依据是俄国是一个落后农业国的基本国情和当时国内的严重困难局面,其理论前提是马克思主义关于资本主义与社会主义关系的科学理论,其形成过程(1920年9月—1922年12月底)大体经历了思想准备或酝酿、确立、发展和完善四个阶段。其主要内容有:关于对社会主义看法根本改变的思想,关于经济落后国家社会主义建设道路的思想,关于经济落后国家社会主义建设的动力思想,关于经济落后国家建设社会主义的政治保证和经济前提思想,关于经济落后国家建设社会主义争取和平的国际环境思想等。可惜的是,列宁晚年珍贵的社会主义思想,后来在苏联没得到很好地坚持,反而出现重大偏离。

Lenin’s thought on socialist construction in his later years focused on transition to socialism through the New Economic Policy,which was put forth on the basis of the basic realities of Russia as a backward agricultural country and the severe domestic difficulties it was faced with at that time.With the scientific theory of Marxism on the relationship between capitalism and socialism as its theoretical premise,his thought went through four stages in its formation(from September,1920 to the end of December,1922),namely,its ideological preparation or conception,establishment,development and improvement.It covers mainly his ideas on the fundamental changes in socialist outlook,the path to building socialism in an economically backward country,the driving force for socialist construction in an economically backward country,the political guarantees and economic prerequisites for building socialism in an economically backward country,building socialism and striving for a peaceful international environmental in an economically backward country,etc.It is a shame that these valuable thoughts were not adhered to but deviated from in the Soviet Union.