关于“消灭私有制”的断想

On “Eliminating Private Ownership”

"公有"与"私有"之争贯穿人类思想史的历程。马克思、恩格斯对私有制的批判和对公有制的设想,不是脱离具体社会历史条件的简单抽象和思辨活动,而是与特定时空背景联系起来的探讨和研究。马克思、恩格斯对私有制的批判,针对的是当时历史条件下私有制的阶级属性和社会属性,并不是一般意义上的私有制形式。马克思在研究资本的毕生经历中,既揭示了资本历史极限否定性的一面,也看到了资本历史极限肯定性的一面。面对着欧美大工业形成和发展的新特点,19世纪70年代以后,马克思抓住股份制的"两权分离",提出了在经济上通过股份制实现社会主义的设想。关于未来社会所有制形式,马克思在《资本论》第1卷中作出"重建个人所有制"的论断,就其实质而言,即是人人有份的、联合起来的、社会的或公共的财产占有方式或财产制度。

The argument over"public ownership"and"private ownership"runs through the history of human thought.Marx and Engels’criticism on private ownership and their conception on public ownership are not simple abstraction or guesswork divorced from the specific social and historical conditions,but explorations and thinking in the context of the specific time and space.Their criticism was aimed at the class and social attributes of the private ownership under the historical conditions of the times,not that in general.In his life-long study on capital,Marx exposed the negative and positive side of the historical limit of capital,but also saw its positive side.Facing the new characteristics during the formation and development of European and American large industries in the1870 s,Marx grasped the"separation of two rights"in the shareholding system and put forward the idea of realizing socialism in economy through shareholding system.Regarding the forms of ownership in the future society,Marx put forward the proposition of"reconstructing individual ownership"in Volume 1 of The Capital,which is,in essence,a possessed-by-all,united,social or public ownership or property system.