军政管理与地方治理:清代广西的内地化研究

Military and Political Administration and Local Governance:Study of Guangxi’s Inclusion into the Mainland during the Qing Dynasty

广西在明末清初时期呈现出明显的“东流西土”分化治理特征。西南地区改土归流后,清廷通过绿营军建置,分别控制广西边境,并在军事日常驻防中,与土司、土目、土民共同推进区域社会的治理,形成常规的军事政治管理机制。而绿营驻防军“兵皆土著”的体制特色,既为地方建构了稳定的军事体系,又在军事中强化了地方与国家的联系。在军事防控与治理等多重作用下,广西更为快速地趋向内地化,被纳入国家统一管理中。

In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,Guangxi showed obvious governing characteristics of“eastern part belonging to the state and the west part belonging to local chieftains”.After the bureaucratization of native chieftains reform in the southwestern region,the green standard army was applied by the Qing to divide and control the border of the Guangxi.In garrison,social governance was also promoted by the Qing along with local chieftains,other indigenous and native local people.The system feature of the green standard army boasting feature of“all soldiers being indigenous”,not only constructed a stable military system for the local area,but also strengthened connection between the local society and the state militarily.In the multiple effects of military prevention and control,the inclusion into the mainland of Guangxi tended to be more accelerated and incorporated into the unified management of the state.