“意识形态”作为理解马克思主义人类学的重要路径

“Ideology”as an Important Path to Understand Marxist Anthropology

二十世纪六十和七十年代,以文化生态学、结构马克思主义和政治经济学派为代表的马克思主义人类学退出了历史的舞台,但是人类学从未停止从马克思主义的理论洞见中获得支持与启发。相比于经济基础,以研究文化和象征秩序起家的人类学更重视马克思主义对上层建筑的讨论。围绕“意识形态”这个核心概念及其演变,本文尝试通过二十世纪八十年代的理论变化解释清楚马克思主义在当代人类学中的形式和价值。

In the 1960s and 1970s,Marxist anthropology,represented by cultural ecology,structural Marxism and political economy,receded in history,but anthropology never stopped obtaining support and inspiration from the theoretical insights of Marxism.Compared to the economic base,anthropology,which started with the study of culture and symbolic order,attaches more attention to the Marxist discussion of the superstructure.Focusing on the core concept of“ideology”and its evolution,this paper tries to explain a form and value of Marxism in contemporary anthropology through the theoretical changes in the 1980s.