从人伦日用来看中华民族的文化共同性:滇西南不同族群生活世界的知识社会学解释

Cultural Commonality of the Chinese Nation from the Perspective of Human Ethics in Daily Life:the Knowledge Sociological Explanation of the Living World of Different Ethnic Groups in Southwest Yunnan

文化的共同性是中华民族一体性和凝聚力的基础,是中华民族历经艰难险阻而生生不息之根与魂。中华广土众民共享的伦理价值、历史叙述与嵌入社会事实中的文化共同性彼此叠加,在时空坐标中形成了“自在”的、多元一体的民族实体。简单地照搬西方学术体系和概念话语无法对中华民族用历史长卷缔造的共同体进行恰当解释,故从中华民族自身的历史传统及当前处境的社会事实出发认识中华民族多元一体格局,并发展出具有中国特色的学术话语和解释性理论有着相当的迫切性。基于对滇西南不同族群社会生活的田野调查,借助不以任何一种文明形态为标准版本的知识社会学视角,探究以孔儒传统为核心的中华“教化系统”在滇西南各族群的生活世界中内化为地方性“社会知识库”,多元通和的信仰与当地文化习俗相结合,使安身立命的伦理价值嵌入敬天法祖和神道设教等日常生活的礼仪实践中,构造出了社会赖以维系的意义之网。从而确认中华民族作为命运共同体绝不是想象出来的,其文化共同性既非虚构也非论证出来的,而是基于生活世界人伦日用之中的伦理价值、道德秩序及共同的历史叙述和文化积淀。

The cultural commonality is the foundation for the unity and cohesion of the Chinese nation,which is the root and soul of the Chinese nation’s sustainability through difficulties and obstacles.The ethical value,historical narrative and cultural commonality embedded in social facts shared among China’s general public are superimposed,forming up the“self-being”and diversity in unity national entity the spatial and temporal dimensions.Simply copying the western academic system and concept discourse cannot properly explain the community created by the Chinese nation with a long history.Therefore,it is in urgency to understand the diversity in unity pattern of the Chinese nation from the historical tradition of the Chinese nation itself and to develop the academic discourse and explanatory theory with Chinese characteristics.Based on the field research on the social life of different ethnic groups in southwest Yunnan,relying on the perspective of knowledge sociology without a standard version of any civilization form,this article explores the internalization of Confucian teaching and cultivation system as the core value into local“social knowledge base”in the living world among different ethnic groups in southwest Yunnan with the perspective of sociology of knowledge.The combination of diverse and harmonious beliefs and local cultural customs makes the ethical value of life embedded in the ritual practices of daily life,such as worshipping heaven and following ancestors and practice of“shendao shejiao”(teaching by the way of gods).Thus,it is confirmed that the Chinese nation as a community of shared future is by no means imagined,its cultural commonality is based on the ethical value,moral order,common historical narration and cultural sedimentation carried through human ethnics in people’s daily life.