大兴安岭、阴山山脉与内蒙古高原民族社会发展互动的历史探讨

Historical Discussion on the Interaction between the Great Xing’an Mountains,Yinshan Mountains and Inner Mongolia Plateau

大兴安岭与阴山山脉是内蒙古高原的地质脊梁与生态屏障,影响着周边农牧民的生存与发展。一方面,两座山脉巨大、绵长以及"半面山"的构造特点,使其南北两侧的广大区域形成了异质性较强的自然环境,为它们近代时期不同的社会经济发展道路奠定了地理基础。大兴安岭东南部与阴山南部的农业生产潜力得到激发,原本经营牧业民众的生产生活发生巨变,而大兴安岭西北以及阴山北侧则仍维持着原有的生产方式,山脉两侧地域之间的生产生活差异也日趋明显。即使山脉两侧均经营的畜牧生产,亦因环境的不同呈现多样性。另一方面,大兴安岭与阴山山脉因地质地貌差异、地域分异规律而形成了多样的地理环境与资源类型,而这些对于周边民众的生产生活至关重要,正是内蒙古高原这些山地的存在,使民众能够在最短的距离获得最多样和异质性的资源,更有利于其生存与发展,故无论是农耕还是游牧生产者,大兴安岭与阴山山脉的资源都是其维持生存的重要因素。因此,山地与草原、沙地等一样是内蒙古高原民众生息的家园。近代以来,两座山脉亦面临着日益严峻的环境问题,对此我们既要尊重先民的生存权利与贡献,也要认识到两座山脉及其周边环境与资源的多样性,有针对性地进行治理。

The Great Xing’an Mountains and the Yinshan Mountains are the geological backbone and ecological barriers of the Inner Mongolia Plateau,affecting the survival and development of the surrounding farmers and herdsmen.On the one hand,the huge,geographical structure of the two mountains make the vast areas on its north and south sides enjoying heterogeneous natural environment and laid a geographical foundation for different social and economic development roads in the modern period.The agricultural production potential in the southeast of the Great Xing’an Mountains and southern Yinshan Mountains has been stimulated and life of people who originally operated animal husbandry have also changed significantly.The northwest of the Great Xing’an Mountains and the north side of the Yinshan Mountain still maintain the original mode of production.The differences in production and living between both sides of the mountains are increasingly obvious,even the livestock production on both sides of the mountains is diversified due to different environments.On the other hand,the Great Xing’an Mountains and Yinshan Mountains have formed diversified geographical environment and resource types due to geological differences and regional differences,which are crucial to the production and life of the people within the region.It is due to the existence of these mountains on the Inner Mongolia Plateau that enables people to obtain the most diverse and heterogeneous resources within their proximity,which is more conducive to their survival and development.Therefore,both agricultural and nomadic producers of the Great Xing’an Mountains and the Yinshan Mountains are important factors for their survival.Also mountains,grasslands and sandy land are equally homes for people on the Inner Mongolia plateau.Since modern times,the two mountains are also facing increasingly severe environmental problems.We should not only respect the survival rights and contribution of our ancestors,but also realize the environment and resource diversity of the two mountains and their surrounding regions,so that we could conduct targeted governance.