抗日战争时期西南少数民族精英中华民族认同的表述与实践

Expression and Practice of the Chinese National Identity of the Southwest Ethnic Elites during the War against Japanese Invasion

近代以来,在应对外敌入侵的危机中,"中华民族"的概念开始逐渐被西南少数民族精英所熟悉、接纳和使用,西南少数民族精英的"中华民族意识"经历了一个从"经验感受"到"理性自觉"的演进过程。与之相伴随的是西南少数民族精英"我族"意识的兴起,但他们对于"我族"的标举,不是一种割裂性的"我族"中心主义,而是以强调自身乃是"中华民族"不可分割、不可忽视的一部分为根本前提,本质上是反对"五族共和"狭隘性的承认诉求。抗日战争爆发后,他们的"中华民族"情感认同进一步升华,并以各种形式激励他们投入抗日救亡的运动中。西南少数民族精英在抗日战争期间表现出来的中国多民族大家庭的各成员应当得到承认和尊重、各民族是休戚与共的命运共同体的"中华民族认同意识",是基于真实的生存体验和强烈内心认同的"原发性"情感,是一种长期"自在"意识的"外在"表达,它呈现了"中华民族多元一体格局"的客观实在性和历史必然性。

Since modern times,in dealing with the crisis of the invasion of foreign enemies,the concept of“Chinese nation”began to be gradually realized,accepted and adopted by ethnic elites in southwestern China.The“Chinese national consciousness”of the ethnic elites in southwest China has experienced an evolution process from“experience and feeling”to“rational self consciousness”.It is accompanied by the emergence of the southwest ethnic elites’“my ethnic”consciousness.However,their advocating for“my ethnic group”is not a kind of separatist centrism,but the fundamental premise that they are an inseparable part that cannot be ignored of the“Chinese nation”,which is essentially an admission appeal against the narrow mindset of the“Republic for Five Major Ethnic Groups”.After the outbreak of the war against Japanese invasion,their emotional recognition towards“Chinese nation”was further elevated and they started to devote themselves into anti-Japanese and national salvation movement in various forms.Members of the country’s multi-ethnic family exhibited by the southwest ethnic elites during the anti Japanese war should be recognized and respected;the“consciousness of Chinese national community”demonstrated by all ethnic groups being a community with a shared future is based on primary emotion of real survival experience and strong inner identity.It is a long-term“external”expression of the“self existing”consciousness that presents the objective reality and historical inevitability of the“diversity in unity of the Chinese nation”.