社会变迁与当代中国民众的政府满意度研究

Social Change and Government Satisfaction of Contemporary Chinese People

本文利用2005年和2015年的中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,考察了十年间中国民众政府满意度的变迁,并从微观和宏观两个方面,对不同领域政府满意度的影响因素进行分析与探讨。微观因素选取了个人的社会经济地位及政治参与互动,宏观因素则选取了影响中国社会变迁的重要因素——市场化,文章重点考察了市场化对民众政府满意度的影响及其变化。研究发现:中国民众的政府满意度普遍较高;其中,在国家治理领域的满意度最高,在民生保障领域的满意度次之,而在公正维护领域的满意度则相对较低。2005年到2015年的十年间,中国民众的政府满意度在上述三个领域均呈上升趋势。模型分析结果显示,个人的社会经济地位及政治参与互动对政府满意度有显著的影响,地区的市场化程度显著降低了民众在民生保障领域的政府满意度,但对民众在公正维护领域和国家治理领域的政府满意度没有显著影响。市场化对上述三个领域政府满意度的影响,均存在显著的年份差异,2015年市场化的影响程度相比2005年显著降低。本文认为,2005年到2015年十年间,我国社会主义市场经济体制从初步建立到趋于完善,民众逐渐适应社会主义市场经济体制,市场化这一宏观因素对民众主观体验的影响力在降低;另一方面,市场化改革也促成了民众社会生活方方面面的改变,"大锅饭"的平均主义被打破,民众参与国家与社会治理意识增强,这些因市场化改革而来的变化,正取代市场化改革本身,对民众的政府满意度产生更直接的影响。

Using the data from Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)in 2005 and 2015,this paper investigates the change of Chinese satisfaction with government.It analyzes the influencing factors of government satisfaction in different areas from both micro and macro aspects.The micro factor selects the individual’s social and economic status and political participation interaction,while the macro factor selects the important factor affecting China’s social change marketization.This paper focuses on the impact of the macro factor marketization on the satisfaction of the people’s government and its changes.It is found that Chinese people generally have a high degree of satisfaction with the government,among which the satisfaction of the public is the highest in the field of state governance,the second highest is in the field of livelihood,and relatively low in the field of fairness maintaining.In the ten years from 2005 to 2015,the government satisfaction of Chinese people increased in all three areas.The results of model analysis show that the social and economic status of individuals and the interaction of political participation have a significant impact on government satisfaction,and the degree of regional marketization has significantly reduced the government satisfaction in the field of people’s livelihood security.However,there is no significant impact on government satisfaction in maintaining fairness and national governance.The influence of marketization on government satisfaction in the above three fields has significant difference in the two respective years,and the degree of marketization in 2015 is significantly lower than that in 2005.From 2005 to 2015,the socialist market economy system in China has been gradually established from initiation stage to its flourishing stage,and the people have gradually adapted to the socialist market economy system.The influence of marketization on people’s subjective experience is decreasing.On the other hand,the market-oriented reform has also led to changes in all aspects of the people’s social life,the egalitarianism has been broken,and the people’s consciousness of participating in national and social governance has been strengthened.These changes are replacing the market-oriented reform itself,which has a more direct impact on the people’s government satisfaction.