《艺术作品的本源》中真理发生的五种方式与本真状态

Authenticity and the Five Modes of Happening of Truth in “The Origin of the Work of Art”

海德格尔在《艺术作品的本源》等文本中提到了几种特别的生存方式,并将它们看作存在之真理发生的方式,但对它们大多未加明确解释,因而其含义不明。从海德格尔中后期提出的"真理的发生作为斗争和争执"出发,系统地探讨《艺术作品的本源》中真理发生的这五种方式以及与此对应的五种实际生存样式,可揭示出它们的真实含义。同时,由于真理的发生需要"此"作为居有的发生之所和敞开之地,而此-在是人之存在的本真状态,因此这五种方式是出自存在之真理的人的本真生存样式。这是海德格尔随着对存在理解的拓宽和加深,对《存在与时间》未及展开的本真状态之实际生存样式的进一步确定。在此视角下可更具体地说明,能够成为"此"而本真地生存的是那些真正的艺术家、建筑师、政治家、诗人、思想者等。

In"The Origin of the Work of Art"and other texts,Heidegger mentioned several special kinds of practice as the modes of happening of the truth of Being,which are mostly not explained explicitly by Heidegger.Starting from Heidegger’s view,proposed in his middle and later philosophy,that truth happens as a struggle or conflict,this paper systematically reveals the true meaning of the five modes of happening of truth and the five kinds of factual existence.As the happening of truth uses Da as the openness and site of appropriation,Da-sein is the authenticity of human being,and the above-mentioned five kinds of factual existence are authentic existence.With the broadening and deepening of his understanding of Being,Heidegger determined further the actual modes of authentic existence which are not unfolded in Being and Time.Only rare persons can be the Da—real artists,builders,politicians,thinkers,etc.This paper also points out the flaws of Dreyfus’s interpretation.