康德“敬重”概念中的先验结构

The Transcendental Structure in Kant’s Concept of Respect

康德的"敬重"概念在学术界争议较大。这些争论产生的主要根源在于这一概念不仅涉及诸多对象,而且其自身还包含一个三层次的先验结构:即对他人的敬重是以对法则的敬重为前提的;对法则的敬重是以对人格理念的敬重为前提的;对人格理念的敬重是以审美判断中的崇高感为前提的。由于敬重在各层次上的作用机制并不完全相同,所以康德在表述时变化较多,这也给我们造成了理解上的困难。通过逐一剖析敬重概念的三个层次,这些表面上的冲突可以得到化解。

Kant’s concept of respect has been controversial mainly because it not only involves many objects,but also contains a three-level transcendental structure;that is,respect for others is based on respect for the laws,while respect for the laws is based on respect for the idea of the person,and respect for the idea of the person is based on the sublime in aesthetic judgments.Since the mechanism of respect at each level is not exactly the same,Kant has changed quite a bit in his expression,which has caused puzzles in our understanding.This article tries to resolve these ostensible conflicts by analyzing these three levels in the concept of respect one by one.