“后发展”:优势与难题

“Behind Development”:Advantages and Difficulties

当代发展理论的突出特色是以战后非殖民化运动中获得独立的新兴国家的政治、经济、社会、文化的发展问题为对象,探讨发展中国家如何通过有计划的经济技术发展和社会改造,推动社会变迁,追赶世界先进水平的过程。这一过程不是一个纯“自然历史过程”,而是自觉设计和选择的过程,是人们自为地寻求发展的过程。因此,发展理论所涉及的发展问题,实际上是落后国家的发展问题,在当代主要表现为落后国家如何跳跃式赶超发达国家,从而实现现代化的问题。

Less development is a kind of universal social phenomenon,a necessary choice for the relatively undeveloped countries to take in the historical background of the world,and also an inevitable outcome of the develop of world history.The less development has its own advantages since the temporary backwardness in the fields of economy and culture does not prevent the less developing countries from directly absorbing and taking advantage of the newest achievements of civilization.So these countries can learn the lesson of the past to avoid taking a roundabout way.Only under the condition of world history can the advantage of backwardness be entirely revealed.The less development is a leaping,catching up and surpassing development,so from the beginning it was challenged by different factors,especially by the“demonstration effect”of the developed country.Therefore,these countries are always be caught in the dilemma characteristic of the less development.