“机能”还是“函数”?——解析康德判断理论中的“Funktion”概念

Physiological or Mathematical:Research on the Concept of “Funktion” in Kant’s Theory of Judgment

"Funktion"是康德判断理论的关键概念,以往研究大都以日常涵义的"机能"或"功能"来翻译和理解这一概念,并引申出生理效果、认识维度等各种解释,然而,基于康德在沉默时期对"Funktion"的使用情况可以发现,他更看重的显然是这一概念所蕴含着的函数结构,并希望借助这种数学结构来重新解释综合判断中对象与概念之间的关系。由此,强调以数学涵义的"函数"来翻译并理解这一概念,才能凸显出"Funktion"概念在康德判断理论中的核心地位,揭示出由于《纯粹理性批判》的文本表述而被遮蔽的综合判断结构,以及康德在判断理论上基于传统形式逻辑做出的重要变革。

"Funktion"is the key concept in Kant’s theory of judgment.Previous studies used to translate and understand this concept in a physiological way,and extended various interpretations such as physiological effects and cognitive dimensions.However,in view of Kant’s usage of"Funktion"in the Silent Decade,this concept clearly represents a mathematical function,and Kant obviously hopes to use this mathematical structure to re-explain the relationship between objects and concepts in synthetic judgment.Therefore,this concept should be translated and understood in terms of mathematical functions,only then will the core position of this concept in Kant’s judgment theory be revealed.And furthermore,it clarifies the structure of synthetic judgment,which was obscured by the textual expression of Critique of Pure Reason,and shows the crucial progress in Kant’s theory of judgment that based on traditional formal logic.