被忽视的意会知识——评费耶阿本德《科学的专横》

The Ignored Tacit Knowledge——Review of Feyerabend’s The Tyranny of Science

《科学的专横》是费耶阿本德著作最新的中译本,意会知识是该书的核心概念。借助这个概念,费耶阿本德不仅推翻了实证论的所有方案,也使他自己的多元主义方法论获得了更新的表达。费耶阿本德指出,对科学的逻辑重构忽视了意会知识,而哲学知识应该成为科学的意会知识的一部分,只有包含意会知识的现场"干预"才能实现科学理论的增生。意会知识不受重视,源于古希腊兴起的理性主义,科学的霸权应该追溯到古希腊哲学家对自然的抽象。《科学的专横》用意会知识这个概念把费耶阿本德的科学哲学与自然哲学关联在一起,可视为他一生思想的结晶。我们在对待费耶阿本德的科学观时,既要考虑他背后的人道主义动机,也要注意中西方文化传统的差异。

The Tyranny of Science is the newly Chinese translation of Feyerabend’s work,its key concept is the tacit knowledge.By this concept,Feyerabend not only overthrows all the projects of positivism,but also gives a new expression of his pluralistic methodology.He points out that the logical reconstruction of science ignores the tacit knowledge,and philosophical knowledge should be a part of the tacit knowledge in sciences,only local‘intervention’that includes tacit knowledge can make the sciences proliferated.Tacit knowledge has been ignored for a long time,this tradition stems from the rise of the Greekrationalism,the hegemony of sciences therefore should be ascended to the Greek philosophers’abstraction on the nature.By the concept of Tacit Knowledge,The Tyranny of Science unites Feyerabend’s philosophy of science and philosophy of nature,and it is the distillate of his whole life.Faced with Feyerabend’s conception of science,we not only need take his humanity into account,but also keep our eyes on the difference between the tradition of China and that of the West.