知识史视角下的近代中国佛学转型——以“科学”观念为中心

The Transformation of Buddhism in Modern China in the Perspective of the Knowledge History——Centenrning on the Idea of ‘Science’

在"科学"观念下,近代中国佛学的知识意义得以彰显,并在知识领域、知识体系、知识性质上发生了转变,呈现出新的面貌。在以佛学回应科学的同时,近代中国佛学逐渐走向公共空间,实现了知识领域的变迁;在以科学洗礼佛学之后,近代中国佛学完成了学术化、学科化建构,实现了知识体系的转变。随着近代中国佛学的学术化、学科化,佛学知识的性质引起了教内外的争论,教内人士坚持信仰的先验性,教外人士则与之相反,由此形成了教界与学界佛学的分殊。而"科学"观念对近代中国佛学产生影响的过程也证明了,一种新观念要真正融入中国文化系统,不仅需要通过思想层面的融通来实现,更需要通过知识与制度层面的融通来实现。

Under the influence of the idea of‘science’,the knowledge significance of modern Buddhism was highlighted.The knowledge of Buddhism has transformed on the knowledge domain,knowledge system and knowledge nature,showing a new look.While modern Chinese scholars responded to western science with Buddhism,Buddhism moved towards public space and realized the changes in domain of Buddhism.After transforming Buddhism with science,Buddhism completed the construction of academisation and disciplinization,,and established a new knowledge system.With the academisation and disciplinization of Buddhism,the nature of Buddhist knowledge has aroused the controversy among monks,lay Buddhist and scholars.Monks and lay Buddhist insisted on the transcendentality of religious belief while scholars doubt on the transcendentality of religious belief.So they divided two factions.The process of the influence of the idea of‘science’on Buddhism in modern China also proves that a new concept want to be integrated into the Chinese cultural system,not only through the integration of ideology,but also through the integration of knowledge and system.