论宏智正觉“默照禅”的禅学思想

Some Discuss about Hongzhi Zhengjue’Zen Thought

宋代禅宗史上的文字禅、看话禅、默照禅争论向来是学界关注焦点,考察宏智正觉禅学思想可知:一、正觉"默照禅"并非文字禅的对立形式,其颂古拈古、开示说法、诗语偈语皆具备文字禅性质。二、宗杲批判"默照禅"原因在于宗杲以悟为极则并在行住坐卧中体道而默照禅执方便为究竟、离世觅菩提。三、正觉"默照禅"的佛理依据在于其属于"真常唯心论"而迥别于宗杲的"性空唯名论",正觉与达摩、神会、宗密、玄觉等禅师禅法相通之处正在于他们都受真常思想影响,正觉禅法进路在离析根尘以脱生死而非如宗杲般以悟为极则。二人禅学思想的分歧导致了看话禅、默照禅的分流,但二者皆以了生死为目的。

The debate between Text Zen,Kanhua Zen and MozhaoZen in the history of Song Zen Buddhism has always been the focus of attention,By study the Zen thought of Hongzhi Zhengjue we can know that:First,Hongzhi Zhengjue Mozhao Zen isn’t opposition to Language Zen.His Songgu,Niangu and teaching all have the nature of language Zen.Second,Zong Gao critic Mozhao Zen for the reason that Zong Gao pursue enlightenment,pay attention to life,but Mozhao Zen don’t seek enlightenment and don’t pay attention to life.Third,Which made Mozhao Zen and Dharma,Shenhui,Zongmi,Xuanjue similar is they all influenced by Zhenchang thought.Zen from Xuanjue in common is that they are often subject to true ideological influence,Zhengjue’s Zen approach is not insight,but in order to isolate Gen and Chen to transcend life and death.