论莱布尼茨哲学对神的理性转化

On the Rational Transformation of God in Leibniz’s Philosophy

莱布尼茨对神的理性化是面临十七世纪欧洲宗教文化危机的哲学反思,他力图通过理性宗教来克服信仰主义的偏执,为欧洲的和平和繁盛奠定思想基础。莱布尼茨通过对神的理性转化批判了当时流行的神学意志主义,使神成为理性秩序和道德原则的化身,而非莫测的专制力量。他指出神的意志自由正是体现在符合理性的最佳选择上,而非无区别状态的任意专断。对神的理性化使他得出了现实世界是最好世界的乐观主义和进步主义思想。莱布尼茨的这种理性主义宗教观对其单子论、自然哲学和实践哲学等有着深刻影响,对于今天合理面对东西方宗教文化的差异仍具有重要参考价值。

Leibniz’s rational transformation of God is a profound philosophical reflection of the religious crisis in 17th century Europe.By this he attempts to defeat Fideism,and provides a foundation for the peace and flourishment of Europe.By rationalizing God,Leibniz criticizes theological voluntarism popular in contemporary Europe,and makes God not the dictatorial power,but the embodiment of rational order and moral law.He holds that the divine free will lies not in the indifferent state but in the best choice following reason.The rationalization of God leads him to the optimistic and progressive conclusion that our world is the best possible world.Leibniz’s rational religion has a deep influence upon almost his whole philosophy including monadology,natural philosophy and practical philosophy,and still has value in helping us deal with the religious difference between the East and the West.