让基层应急系统运转起来:城市生命体视角下的融通型结构

Let Emergency System in Grassroots to Work:a Integrated Structure from the Perspective of Urban Life Entity

基层应急管理是国家应急管理的基础,也是源头治理和响应处置的"最先一公里",但目前基层应急管理不同程度存在"空壳化""两张皮"整合不足和"形式主义"等问题。城市是有机动态的生命,因此其应急管理系统必然具有融通型结构特征,表现在空间尺度上的贯通协同、时间尺度上的平急结合和人员尺度上的专常兼备。近年来,上海通过加强基层空间精细化治理、应急闭环管理和街居风险共同体建设不断提高基层应急管理效能,并在应对重大公共卫生事件中发挥了显著作用。融通型应急管理结构的形成得益于中国独特的制度优势和治理效能,是以问题为导向的组织整合、机制整合和技术整合的结果。从总体上说,融通型应急管理结构的形成和运转为城市韧性的获取提供了中国路径。

Emergency management in grassroots is the foundation and cornerstone of national emergency management,and also the“first kilometer”of source management and response disposal.However,at present,grassroots emergency management has some problems,such as“empty shell”,“insufficient integration of two skins”and“formalism”.The city is an organic and dynamic life,so its emergency management system must have the characteristics of integration structure,which is manifested in the coordination of spatial scale,the combination of emergency and emergency on time scale and the combination of professional and regular on personnel scale.Based on this,Shanghai has continuously improved the efficiency of emergency management at the grass-roots level by strengthening the fine governance of grass-roots space,closed-loop emergency management and the construction of neighborhood risk community,and has played a significant role in major public health response.The formation of integrated emergency management structure benefits from China’s unique institutional advantages and governance efficiency,which is the result of problem oriented organization integration,mechanism integration and technology integration.Generally speaking,the formation and operation of the integrated emergency management structure provides a Chinese path for the acquisition of community resilience.