自然灾害防灾减灾社会化中的公众参与:一个阶段化路径模型

Public Participation in the Socialization of Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation:A Staged Path Model

推进防灾减灾社会化是当前和未来自然灾害治理体系改革的重要方向,其中公众的参与至关重要。本文从公众参与防灾减灾的认知和行为规律出发,将其路径划分为风险知识、风险警觉、效能评估、态度意向和行为实施五个阶段。五个阶段,并强调了每个阶段政府与公众良性互动的重要性。在此基础上,本文聚焦四川的实践探索,提炼出公众参与防灾减灾的"四川路径":风险知识从简单传递演进为专业科普;培养风险警觉从单向宣传转向双向沟通;效能评估从短期思维引导为长远利益思维;通过示范引领促使态度意向从消极被动转为积极主动;将演练培训从分散式非常态演进到渗透式常态化。这一阶段化路径模型为其他地区的防灾减灾社会化提供了理论借鉴和参考,有助于推进我国自然灾害治理体系的改革进程,增强全民防灾减灾综合能力。

Promoting the socialization of disaster prevention and mitigation is an important direction for the current and future reform of the natural disaster governance system,in which public participation is crucial.Based on the cognition and behavior rules of public’s participation in disaster prevention and mitigation,this study divides the path into five stages:risk knowledge,risk awareness,effectiveness evaluation,attitude and intention,and behavior implementation.In this process,the positive interaction between the government and the public is emphasized.Moreover,this article focuses on Sichuan’s practical exploration and extracts a“Sichuan Path”as follows:risk knowledge evolves from simple transmission to popularization of professional knowledge;cultivating public risk awareness from one-way disseminate to two-way communication;shift effectiveness evaluation from short-term to long-term thinking;promote public attitudes and intentions from negative and passive to positive and proactive;behavior training from decentralized abnormality to permeating normalization.The staged path model provides theoretical and practical references for the socialization of disaster prevention and reduction in other regions,which will help promote the reform process of natural disaster management system and enhance the national disaster prevention and reduction capacities.