公共安全领域告知承诺制的实施困境及其调适

The Implementation Dilemma and Adjustment of the Notification and Commitment System in the Field of Public Security

告知承诺制作为一种新型规制工具,有助于促进行政机关和相对人之间进行"规制对话",激励行政相对人自愿合规,是"违法"责任向"失信"责任转化的桥梁,有助于激活规制体系中的"第三方信任"机制。在实践中,公共安全领域的行政许可申请人合规成本较高,公众的风险容忍度较低,加上失信惩戒的边际效益有限,使告知承诺制在进入公共安全领域之后可能面临困境。《行政许可法》设立行政许可评价制度,旨在寻求经济自由和公共安全之间的最优平衡点。行政机关可以借鉴"规制影响评估"的思路,对行政许可评价制度进行优化升级和拓展应用,将其作为选择和运用规制工具、从而确定告知承诺制适用边界的重要手段。

As a new type of regulatory tool,the Notification and Commitment System can promote the"regulatory conversations"between the regulator and the regulatee,and encourage voluntary compliance by the regulatee.The Notification and Commitment System is a bridge from the liability of"violating the law"to the liability of"dishonesty"and helps to activate the"third-party trust"mechanism in the regulatory system.In practice,due to the high cost of compliance for administrative licensees in the field of public security,its risk tolerance is relatively low,coupled with the limited marginal benefits of punishment for dishonesty,leading to the Notification and Commitment System facing difficulties in the field of public security.The Administrative License Law establishes an administrative licensing evaluation system to seek the optimal balance between economic freedom and public security value goals.The administrative agencies can learn from the idea of"regulatory impact assessment",optimize,upgrade and expand the application of the administrative licensing evaluation system,and use it as an important means of selecting and using regulatory tools to determine the application boundary of the Notification and Commitment System.