论我国行政机关环境公益诉权配置的困境与优化

On the Allocating Dilemma of Environmental Public Interest Rights of Action and Its Improvement

行政机关提起环境公益诉讼的制度,是在行政命令措施基础上创新而来,虽能保护更大范围的环境公共利益,但与程序的民事属性不一致。行政机关的民事诉权实施面临着冲突:一方面,行政机关诉权的实施与环境民事程序的证据规则不尽相符,被告人抗辩权难以得到公平保护;另一方面,行政机关原告资格要兼顾经济性、生态性诉求,二者对诉权的差异化要求易引起行政机关的身份混乱。根本原因并非行政机关不能拥有诉权,而在于将诉权授予了环保监管部门。因此,应依诉权、执法权分授不同部门的思路,区分行政机关的国家所有权、执法权、民事诉权角色,优化其公益诉权设计,实现公益保护与民事程序的协调。

The regulation of environmental public interest litigation raised by government has been established on the basis of administrative order.It could protect more environmental public interests,but is not consistent with civil procedure.As a result,there are conflicts confronted by administrative organs.On one hand,to implement litigation right of administrative organizations is contrary to civil procedure rule such as proof providing;on the other hand,claims submitted by administrative organizations including economic and ecologic damage have different requirements about right,which may cause disorder among identities of the organizations.The conflicts do not mean the organizations’litigation right is unreasonable,conversely it tells us that giving the right to the environmental enforcement agency is a mistake.So,we’d better distinguish power and right in accordance with the state’s ownership,executive enforcement power and litigation,and improve the litigating mechanism,so as to harmonize public interests protection and civil procedural requirements.