精准扶贫中的基层分包制——挤压型情境下的行政动员

The Grassroots Subcontracting System of Targeted Poverty Alleviation——Administrative Mobilization under the Squeezing Situation

基层分包制在精准扶贫中得到了广泛的应用,然而却没能引起学术界的足够重视。本文以L镇为个案,对精准扶贫中的基层分包制进行考察。L镇的基层分包制在本质上是挤压型情境下的基层行政动员。挤压型情境塑造了基层政府上下挤压的政策执行环境。在压力和阻力并存的矛盾性政策执行环境中,L镇通过压力感知和压力分摊建立了以帮扶责任人为主要形式的基层分包制,而帮扶责任人和基层政府又通过自主性压力化解和合作性压力化解执行和落实了基层分包制。由于基层分包制是挤压型情境塑造的结果,它既需要对自上而下的行政任务进行回应,又需要对现实的执行阻力有所妥协。于是,从政策执行的结果来看,基层分包制既执行和落实了主要的行政任务,在贫困治理和脱贫考核中发挥了一定的作用,又产生了一些制度执行的意外后果。

The grassroots subcontracting system has been widely used in targeted poverty alleviation.However,it has not attracted enough attention from the academic community.This research tries to explain the establishment and operation of the grassroots subcontracting system with the case study of town L.The nature of the grassroots subcontracting system in town L is the administrative mobilization under the squeezing situation,which shapes the policy implementation environment of the grassroots government.In the complicated policy implementation environment where pressure and resistance coexist,town L established the grassroots subcontracting system mainly in the form of"cadres responsible for anti-poverty",who solve the problems of pressure and resistance through independent solution and cooperation with the grassroots government.Since the grassroots subcontracting system is the result of the squeezing situation,it needs to respond to the top-down administrative tasks and to compromise with the practical implementation resistance.As a result,the grassroots subcontracting system did implement the main administrative tasks,but caused some unexpected consequences at the same time.