建构与对话:由下而上的政策传导机制分析——以国际贸易“单一窗口”为例

Policy Transmission Mechanism from Grassroots Innovation to Local Experience ——Taking the Single Window of International Trade as an Example

由下而上的政策创新经验传导是地方政策创新扩散的基本途径之一,是实现国家政策创新的重要手段。基层部门发挥能动性开展政策试验,创新治理与服务模式,在块系统层面形成政策创新经验,将基层创新传播扩散至上级政府,是政策自下而上传导的前提;上级政府开展验证与评估,与下级部门围绕基层政策创新开展条系统对话达成共识是政策自下而上传导的关键;最终生成地方经验,是共识达成的标志。本文采用单案例追踪法和深度访谈法,借助国际贸易"单一窗口"政策创新案例管窥由下而上的政策创新传导过程,从微观层面分析不同政策参与者的作用影响,提炼政策传导机制。政策创新传导过程的不同阶段会有多元的政策参与者,多元参与主体的互动机制影响政策传导结果;促进块系统的有效合作有助于建构基层政策创新,开展条系统的有效对话有益于基层政策创新经验的向上传导和扩散。

The bottom-up transmission of policy innovation experience is one of the basic ways of local policy diffusion,and an important way to realize China’s policy innovation.Grassroots departments play an active role to carry out policy experiments,innovation of governance and public service,forming policy innovation at block level,and uploading grassroots policy innovation to the superior government from grassroots,which is the premise of policy transmission from bottom to top.Then the superior government verify and evaluate policy innovation,which is the key for policy transmission from bottom to top that the superior and subordinate government departments carry out dialogue in order to reach consensus about grassroots policy innovation,and generate local experience is the sign of consensus at last.This paper uses"single window"of international trade to explore the bottom-up transmission process of policy innovation by use of case tracking and deep interview,which will show influence of different policy participants from the micro level.There are multiple policy participants in different stages of the transmission process,and the interaction mechanism of multiple participants will affect the results of policy transmission.Promote effective cooperation of block systems will help to build policy innovations at grassroots level,and promote effective dialogue of the system will benefit upward transmission and diffusion of policy innovation experiences.